Types of Antimicrobial Substances

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Questions and Answers

An antimicrobian, substance (antiseptic or disinfectant) which act over a bacteria or mushrooms, is considered

Altered spectrum
b) Restricted spectrum
c) Spread spectrum (correct)
d) Selective spectrum

The disease produced by the pathogen microorganism are due to :

a) Exclusively to the action of the toxins produced for the same
b) Exclusively to the growth of the microorganism on the tissues
c) To the action of the toxins and/or the growth, depending the disease (correct)
d) To the growth of the usual T (fever) which always occur

The mechanisms of the extern defense for a guest?

a) Are pH of the stomach
b) Are part of the immune system specific or acquired
c) Are the barrier of the skin and mucous membrane (correct)
d) Destroy two, cells or virus infection

Convalescence phase when you are sick is:

c) Patient takes back his strength y feels normal (C) Signup and view all the answers

Lysozyme present in our saliva, tears... is a defeose mechanism

a) External (A) Signup and view all the answers

The interferons are :

d) Immune system molecules that prevent the multiplication of the virus en infected cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

Pityriasis:

c) A disease viral that produce hypo or hyper pigmentation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Sifilis primary :

b) Demonstrated/ manifested with lesions(chancros) in the genitals organs (true) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Legionellosis is a disease:

b) Produce by Legionella pneumophila and no transmits directly physical from person to an other (B) Signup and view all the answers

Onychomycosis :

d) b + c (D) Signup and view all the answers

Indicate the infectious disease that can cause septic arthritis:

b) Gorerchee (B) Signup and view all the answers

Anthrax is:

c) A disease cutaneous whose the agent (Bacillus anthracis) penetrate by wounds on the skin, from sick animals (C) Signup and view all the answers

The zoster herpes is a disease :

d) Result of the reactivation of the virus of chickenpox. (D) Signup and view all the answers

The diseases who are known like tub are produced by :

a) Fungi dermaterhxt. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Rheumatic fever is a disease which can appear:

c) Like sequel of pharyngitis produced by streptococcus pyogenes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Choose the correct answer about osteovovelitistis:

d) The ostecovelitisis, can have endogenous origin through the blood, or surgery. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are immunes-poresors?

a) There are serums which contain antibodies against infectious agents (A) Signup and view all the answers

Indicate what is called innate or non-specific immunity :

b) It is the one that is possessed at birth (B) Signup and view all the answers

About the microorganisms mentioned below, indicate which would be considered a cause of disease of mandatory declaration

c) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that cause tuberculosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Gas gangrene is a disease that causes..:

d) Titular necrosis, due to the growth of Clostridium perfringens and the action of its neurotic toxin (D) Signup and view all the answers

The most serious burn infections are..:

c) Those produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, due to their high resistance to antibiotics (C) Signup and view all the answers

The causal agent of tetanus :

a) It penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin that causes muscle stiffness. (A) Signup and view all the answers

The so called 'mollusc contagiosum' has as its causal agent :

d) A virus (D) Signup and view all the answers

In inactivated virus vaccines are used :

a Viruses that have lost their invective capacity due to the action of heat or products (A) Signup and view all the answers

Of the diseases listed below, please indicate which you think are not notifiable in Spain..

c) Common Gostcoenteritis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Infectious diseases:

b) Some are contagious (B) Signup and view all the answers

The measles virus:

c) May cause cathedral manifestations and skin rashes (C) Signup and view all the answers

The pathogenic mechanisms of gastroenteric diseases

c) May be enterotoxigenic and or invasive (C) Signup and view all the answers

The Escherichia coli:

c) It has pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains (C) Signup and view all the answers

Apart from sexual transmission, by which of the following routes can HIV be transmitted?

b) By parental route (B) Signup and view all the answers

30 ) Cholera is a disease that is acquired

d) By ingestion of the causal agent present in contaminated water (D) Signup and view all the answers

Non-bacterial gastroenteritis:

c) It is caused by a virus, and has mild gastrointestinal symptoms. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated food or water?

b) Hepatitis A (B) Signup and view all the answers

Symptoms of scalded skin syndrome, a skin disease, are due to

d) The action of an effoliative toxin produced by Streptococcus aureus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Typhoid fever is a disease:

a) respiratory ) Caused by Salmonella typhi and transmitted by ingestion of contaminated food or water (D) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Antimicrobials and Microorganisms

An antimicrobial substance, such as an antiseptic or disinfectant, acts on bacteria or fungi.

Disease and Pathogens

Diseases are produced by pathogenic microorganisms.
Examples of diseases caused by microorganisms include:
- Legionellosis (a disease caused by Legionella bacteria)
- Onychomycosis (a fungal infection of the nail)
- Septic arthritis (caused by infectious diseases such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae)
- Anthrax (caused by Bacillus anthracis)
- Zoster herpes (caused by the Varicella-zoster virus)
- Tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Rheumatic fever (caused by Streptococcus pyogenes)
- Osteomyelitis (caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae)
- Gas gangrene (caused by Clostridium perfringens)
- Tetanus (caused by Clostridium tetani)
- Molluscum contagiosum (caused by the Molluscum contagiosum virus)
- Cholera (caused by Vibrio cholerae)
- Typhoid fever (caused by Salmonella Typhi)

Immunity and Defense Mechanisms

Lysozyme, found in saliva, tears, and other bodily fluids, is a defense mechanism against microorganisms.
Interferons are proteins that help fight viral infections.
Innate or non-specific immunity refers to the body's first line of defense against pathogens.
Immune-poresors are not a valid term (可能是"immune suppressors", meaning substances that suppress the immune system).

Transmission and Epidemiology

HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact, as well as through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and from mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth.
Infectious diseases can be transmitted through various routes, including contaminated food and water, and person-to-person contact.
Notifiable diseases, such as cholera and tuberculosis, must be reported to public health authorities.

Viruses and Vaccines

Inactivated virus vaccines are used to prevent diseases caused by viruses.
Examples of viral diseases include measles, caused by the measles virus, and molluscum contagiosum, caused by the Molluscum contagiosum virus.

Bacterial Infections

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium that can cause gastroenteritis.
Non-bacterial gastroenteritis can be caused by viruses, such as norovirus.
The symptoms of scalded skin syndrome, a skin disease, are due to the production of exotoxins by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

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