35 Questions
What type of spectrum is an antimicrobial substance considered if it acts on bacteria or mushrooms?
spread spectrum
What is the primary cause of diseases produced by pathogen microorganisms?
Both the action of toxins and the growth of the microorganism
What is the primary function of the external defense mechanisms in a host?
To act as a barrier against pathogens
What occurs during the convalescence phase of a disease?
The patient's strength and normal health return
What is the function of lysozyme in the human body?
To act as an antimicrobial substance
What is the role of the immune system in the body?
To recognize and respond to pathogens
What is a defense mechanism?
External
What do interferons do?
Prevent the multiplication of the virus in infected cells
What is Pityriasis?
A disease viral that produce hypo or hyperpigmentation
What is characteristic of Sifilis, primary?
Demonstrated with lesions in the genitals organs
How is Legionellosis transmitted?
Not directly from person to person
What causes Onychomycosis?
Both yeast and fungi
Which disease can cause septic arthritis?
Gonorrhea
What is characteristic of Anthrax?
Causes cutaneous manifestation through wounds on the skin
What is the Zoster herpes?
The result of the reactivation of the virus of chickenpox
What causes Tub diseases?
Fungi dermatesbyt
Which microorganism is considered a cause of disease of mandatory declaration?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What is the main cause of gas gangrene?
Both Clostridium perfringens and its neurotic toxin
What is the most serious type of burn infection?
Infections produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is the causal agent of tetanus?
A microorganism that penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin
What is the causal agent of molluscum contagiosum?
A virus
What type of viruses are used in inactivated virus vaccines?
Virus envelope glycoproteins
Which disease is not notifiable in Spain?
Common Gastroenteritis
What is true about infectious diseases?
Some are contagious
How is HIV typically transmitted?
By sexual transmission and parental route
Which microorganism is considered a cause of disease of mandatory declaration?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What is the main cause of gas gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
Which type of burn infections are the most serious?
Those produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is the causal agent of tetanus?
It penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin
What is the causal agent of molluscum contagiosum?
A virus
What type of viruses are used in inactivated virus vaccines?
Viruses that have lost their infective capacity
Which disease is not notifiable in Spain?
Common Gastroenteritis
What is true about infectious diseases?
Some are contagious
How is HIV typically transmitted?
By sexual transmission or parental route
Which disease is acquired by ingestion of contaminated food or water?
Cholera
Study Notes
Antimicrobial Substances
- An antimicrobial substance with a restricted spectrum acts only on specific bacteria or mushrooms.
Disease Mechanisms
- Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms can be due to the action of toxins produced by the microorganism or the growth of the microorganism on tissues.
- The mechanisms of external defense against microorganisms include the skin and mucous membrane barriers.
Defense Mechanisms
- Lysozyme, present in saliva and tears, is an external defense mechanism against microorganisms.
- Interferons are soluble molecules that prevent the multiplication of viruses in infected cells.
Infectious Diseases
- Pityriasis is a fungal disease that can cause hypo or hyperpigmentation.
- Syphilis, in its primary phase, is characterized by lesions on the genitals.
- Legionellosis is a disease caused by Legionella pneumophila, which is not transmitted directly from person to person.
- Onychomycosis is a fungal disease that affects the nails.
- Anthrax is a skin disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which penetrates through wounds on the skin.
- Zoster herpes is a disease resulting from the reactivation of the chickenpox virus, characterized by cutaneous manifestations.
Microorganisms
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a disease that requires mandatory declaration.
- Gas gangrene is a disease caused by the growth of Clostridium perfringens and the action of its neurotoxin.
- The causal agent of tetanus is Clostridium tetani, which penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin that causes muscle stiffness.
- Molluscum contagiosum is a viral disease.
Vaccines
- Inactivated virus vaccines use viruses that have lost their infective capacity due to the action of heat or products.
- Immunoglobulins are serums that contain antibodies against infectious agents, used to prevent or cure infectious diseases.
Disease Transmission
- Infectious diseases can be contagious, but not all are.
- HIV can be transmitted through parental route, apart from sexual transmission.
- Cholera is a disease acquired by ingestion of the causal agent present in contaminated water.
Toxins
- Cholera toxin can be classified as an enterotoxin.
- Exfoliative toxins produced by Streptococcus aureus cause symptoms of scalded skin syndrome.
Gastroenteritis
- Gastroenteric diseases can be enterotoxigenic and/or invasive.
- Non-bacterial gastroenteritis is caused by a virus and has mild gastrointestinal symptoms.
Other Diseases
- Rheumatic fever is a disease that can appear as a sequel of pharyngitis produced by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Osteomyelitis is a disease that can have endogenous origin through the blood or surgery.
- Legionellosis is a disease that requires mandatory declaration in Spain.
Antimicrobial Substances
- An antimicrobial substance with a restricted spectrum acts only on specific bacteria or mushrooms.
Disease Mechanisms
- Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms can be due to the action of toxins produced by the microorganism or the growth of the microorganism on tissues.
- The mechanisms of external defense against microorganisms include the skin and mucous membrane barriers.
Defense Mechanisms
- Lysozyme, present in saliva and tears, is an external defense mechanism against microorganisms.
- Interferons are soluble molecules that prevent the multiplication of viruses in infected cells.
Infectious Diseases
- Pityriasis is a fungal disease that can cause hypo or hyperpigmentation.
- Syphilis, in its primary phase, is characterized by lesions on the genitals.
- Legionellosis is a disease caused by Legionella pneumophila, which is not transmitted directly from person to person.
- Onychomycosis is a fungal disease that affects the nails.
- Anthrax is a skin disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which penetrates through wounds on the skin.
- Zoster herpes is a disease resulting from the reactivation of the chickenpox virus, characterized by cutaneous manifestations.
Microorganisms
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a disease that requires mandatory declaration.
- Gas gangrene is a disease caused by the growth of Clostridium perfringens and the action of its neurotoxin.
- The causal agent of tetanus is Clostridium tetani, which penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin that causes muscle stiffness.
- Molluscum contagiosum is a viral disease.
Vaccines
- Inactivated virus vaccines use viruses that have lost their infective capacity due to the action of heat or products.
- Immunoglobulins are serums that contain antibodies against infectious agents, used to prevent or cure infectious diseases.
Disease Transmission
- Infectious diseases can be contagious, but not all are.
- HIV can be transmitted through parental route, apart from sexual transmission.
- Cholera is a disease acquired by ingestion of the causal agent present in contaminated water.
Toxins
- Cholera toxin can be classified as an enterotoxin.
- Exfoliative toxins produced by Streptococcus aureus cause symptoms of scalded skin syndrome.
Gastroenteritis
- Gastroenteric diseases can be enterotoxigenic and/or invasive.
- Non-bacterial gastroenteritis is caused by a virus and has mild gastrointestinal symptoms.
Other Diseases
- Rheumatic fever is a disease that can appear as a sequel of pharyngitis produced by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Osteomyelitis is a disease that can have endogenous origin through the blood or surgery.
- Legionellosis is a disease that requires mandatory declaration in Spain.
A short quiz on microbiology, covering topics such as antimicrobial substances and diseases caused by microorganisms.
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