Microbiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of spectrum is an antimicrobial substance considered if it acts on bacteria or mushrooms?

  • Altered spectrum
  • Restricted spectrum
  • Selective spectrum
  • spread spectrum (correct)

    • What is the primary cause of diseases produced by pathogen microorganisms?

  • The immune system's response to the microorganism
  • Both the action of toxins and the growth of the microorganism (correct)
  • The action of toxins produced by the microorganism
  • The growth of the microorganism on tissues

    • What is the primary function of the external defense mechanisms in a host?

  • To destroy tumor cells or virus infections
  • To act as a barrier against pathogens (correct)
  • To regulate body pH
  • To produce antibodies against pathogens

    • What occurs during the convalescence phase of a disease?

    <p>The patient's strength and normal health return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysozyme in the human body?

    <p>To act as an antimicrobial substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the immune system in the body?

    <p>To recognize and respond to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defense mechanism?

    <p>External</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do interferons do?

    <p>Prevent the multiplication of the virus in infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Pityriasis?

    <p>A disease viral that produce hypo or hyperpigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of Sifilis, primary?

    <p>Demonstrated with lesions in the genitals organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Legionellosis transmitted?

    <p>Not directly from person to person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Onychomycosis?

    <p>Both yeast and fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease can cause septic arthritis?

    <p>Gonorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of Anthrax?

    <p>Causes cutaneous manifestation through wounds on the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Zoster herpes?

    <p>The result of the reactivation of the virus of chickenpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Tub diseases?

    <p>Fungi dermatesbyt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganism is considered a cause of disease of mandatory declaration?

    <p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of gas gangrene?

    <p>Both Clostridium perfringens and its neurotic toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most serious type of burn infection?

    <p>Infections produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causal agent of tetanus?

    <p>A microorganism that penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causal agent of molluscum contagiosum?

    <p>A virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of viruses are used in inactivated virus vaccines?

    <p>Virus envelope glycoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is not notifiable in Spain?

    <p>Common Gastroenteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about infectious diseases?

    <p>Some are contagious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is HIV typically transmitted?

    <p>By sexual transmission and parental route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganism is considered a cause of disease of mandatory declaration?

    <p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of gas gangrene?

    <p>Clostridium perfringens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of burn infections are the most serious?

    <p>Those produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causal agent of tetanus?

    <p>It penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causal agent of molluscum contagiosum?

    <p>A virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of viruses are used in inactivated virus vaccines?

    <p>Viruses that have lost their infective capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is not notifiable in Spain?

    <p>Common Gastroenteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about infectious diseases?

    <p>Some are contagious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is HIV typically transmitted?

    <p>By sexual transmission or parental route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is acquired by ingestion of contaminated food or water?

    <p>Cholera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antimicrobial Substances

    • An antimicrobial substance with a restricted spectrum acts only on specific bacteria or mushrooms.

    Disease Mechanisms

    • Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms can be due to the action of toxins produced by the microorganism or the growth of the microorganism on tissues.
    • The mechanisms of external defense against microorganisms include the skin and mucous membrane barriers.

    Defense Mechanisms

    • Lysozyme, present in saliva and tears, is an external defense mechanism against microorganisms.
    • Interferons are soluble molecules that prevent the multiplication of viruses in infected cells.

    Infectious Diseases

    • Pityriasis is a fungal disease that can cause hypo or hyperpigmentation.
    • Syphilis, in its primary phase, is characterized by lesions on the genitals.
    • Legionellosis is a disease caused by Legionella pneumophila, which is not transmitted directly from person to person.
    • Onychomycosis is a fungal disease that affects the nails.
    • Anthrax is a skin disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which penetrates through wounds on the skin.
    • Zoster herpes is a disease resulting from the reactivation of the chickenpox virus, characterized by cutaneous manifestations.

    Microorganisms

    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a disease that requires mandatory declaration.
    • Gas gangrene is a disease caused by the growth of Clostridium perfringens and the action of its neurotoxin.
    • The causal agent of tetanus is Clostridium tetani, which penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin that causes muscle stiffness.
    • Molluscum contagiosum is a viral disease.

    Vaccines

    • Inactivated virus vaccines use viruses that have lost their infective capacity due to the action of heat or products.
    • Immunoglobulins are serums that contain antibodies against infectious agents, used to prevent or cure infectious diseases.

    Disease Transmission

    • Infectious diseases can be contagious, but not all are.
    • HIV can be transmitted through parental route, apart from sexual transmission.
    • Cholera is a disease acquired by ingestion of the causal agent present in contaminated water.

    Toxins

    • Cholera toxin can be classified as an enterotoxin.
    • Exfoliative toxins produced by Streptococcus aureus cause symptoms of scalded skin syndrome.

    Gastroenteritis

    • Gastroenteric diseases can be enterotoxigenic and/or invasive.
    • Non-bacterial gastroenteritis is caused by a virus and has mild gastrointestinal symptoms.

    Other Diseases

    • Rheumatic fever is a disease that can appear as a sequel of pharyngitis produced by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Osteomyelitis is a disease that can have endogenous origin through the blood or surgery.
    • Legionellosis is a disease that requires mandatory declaration in Spain.

    Antimicrobial Substances

    • An antimicrobial substance with a restricted spectrum acts only on specific bacteria or mushrooms.

    Disease Mechanisms

    • Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms can be due to the action of toxins produced by the microorganism or the growth of the microorganism on tissues.
    • The mechanisms of external defense against microorganisms include the skin and mucous membrane barriers.

    Defense Mechanisms

    • Lysozyme, present in saliva and tears, is an external defense mechanism against microorganisms.
    • Interferons are soluble molecules that prevent the multiplication of viruses in infected cells.

    Infectious Diseases

    • Pityriasis is a fungal disease that can cause hypo or hyperpigmentation.
    • Syphilis, in its primary phase, is characterized by lesions on the genitals.
    • Legionellosis is a disease caused by Legionella pneumophila, which is not transmitted directly from person to person.
    • Onychomycosis is a fungal disease that affects the nails.
    • Anthrax is a skin disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which penetrates through wounds on the skin.
    • Zoster herpes is a disease resulting from the reactivation of the chickenpox virus, characterized by cutaneous manifestations.

    Microorganisms

    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a disease that requires mandatory declaration.
    • Gas gangrene is a disease caused by the growth of Clostridium perfringens and the action of its neurotoxin.
    • The causal agent of tetanus is Clostridium tetani, which penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin that causes muscle stiffness.
    • Molluscum contagiosum is a viral disease.

    Vaccines

    • Inactivated virus vaccines use viruses that have lost their infective capacity due to the action of heat or products.
    • Immunoglobulins are serums that contain antibodies against infectious agents, used to prevent or cure infectious diseases.

    Disease Transmission

    • Infectious diseases can be contagious, but not all are.
    • HIV can be transmitted through parental route, apart from sexual transmission.
    • Cholera is a disease acquired by ingestion of the causal agent present in contaminated water.

    Toxins

    • Cholera toxin can be classified as an enterotoxin.
    • Exfoliative toxins produced by Streptococcus aureus cause symptoms of scalded skin syndrome.

    Gastroenteritis

    • Gastroenteric diseases can be enterotoxigenic and/or invasive.
    • Non-bacterial gastroenteritis is caused by a virus and has mild gastrointestinal symptoms.

    Other Diseases

    • Rheumatic fever is a disease that can appear as a sequel of pharyngitis produced by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Osteomyelitis is a disease that can have endogenous origin through the blood or surgery.
    • Legionellosis is a disease that requires mandatory declaration in Spain.

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    Description

    A short quiz on microbiology, covering topics such as antimicrobial substances and diseases caused by microorganisms.

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