Microbiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of spectrum is described when an antimicrobial substance acts on a specific range of microorganisms?

  • Broad spectrum
  • Spread spectrum (correct)
  • Altered spectrum
  • Restricted spectrum

    • What is the primary mechanism of disease production by pathogen microorganisms?

  • Exclusively to the action of toxins
  • Growth of usual T cells
  • Toxins and growth of the microorganism (correct)
  • Exclusively to the growth of the microorganism

    • What is a critical component of the external defense mechanisms of the body?

  • Tumor cell destruction
  • Skin and mucous membrane (correct)
  • pH of the stomach
  • Immune system

    • What is the convalescence phase of illness characterized by?

    <p>Return to normal health and strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysozyme in the human body?

    <p>Fights bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a selective spectrum antimicrobial substance?

    <p>Effective against a specific range of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the immune system?

    <p>To protect against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common location of lysozyme in the human body?

    <p>Saliva and tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the external defense mechanisms of the body?

    <p>The skin and mucous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of the body to defend against pathogens?

    <p>Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganism is considered a cause of disease of mandatory declaration?

    <p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of gas gangrene?

    <p>Clostridium perfringens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of burn infections are the most serious?

    <p>Those produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causal agent of tetanus?

    <p>A bacterium that penetrates through skin wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causal agent of mollusc contagiosum?

    <p>A virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used in inactivated virus vaccines?

    <p>Virus envelope glycoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is not notifiable in Spain?

    <p>Common Gastroenteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of gastroenteric diseases?

    <p>Enterotoxigenic and/or invasive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can HIV be transmitted apart from sexual transmission?

    <p>By parental route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is cholera typically acquired?

    <p>By ingestion of the causal agent present in contaminated water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of defense mechanism is interferon?

    <p>Internal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Pityriasis?

    <p>A viral disease that produces hypo or hyperpigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stage of Syphilis?

    <p>A phase of the disease that is manifested with lesions on the genitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Legionellosis transmitted?

    <p>Not directly from person to person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Onychomycosis?

    <p>A disease caused by both yeast and fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Septic Arthritis?

    <p>Gonorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Anthrax transmitted?

    <p>Through wounds on the skin from sick animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Zoster Herpes?

    <p>A disease that is the result of the reactivation of the chickenpox virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Rheumatic Fever?

    <p>A sequel of pharyngitis caused by streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Innate Immunity?

    <p>Immunity that is possessed at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antimicrobial Substances

    • An antimicrobial substance with a restricted spectrum acts only on specific bacteria or mushrooms.

    Disease Mechanisms

    • Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms can be due to the action of toxins produced by the microorganism or the growth of the microorganism on tissues.
    • The mechanisms of external defense against microorganisms include the skin and mucous membrane barriers.

    Defense Mechanisms

    • Lysozyme, present in saliva and tears, is an external defense mechanism against microorganisms.
    • Interferons are soluble molecules that prevent the multiplication of viruses in infected cells.

    Infectious Diseases

    • Pityriasis is a fungal disease that can cause hypo or hyperpigmentation.
    • Syphilis, in its primary phase, is characterized by lesions on the genitals.
    • Legionellosis is a disease caused by Legionella pneumophila, which is not transmitted directly from person to person.
    • Onychomycosis is a fungal disease that affects the nails.
    • Anthrax is a skin disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which penetrates through wounds on the skin.
    • Zoster herpes is a disease resulting from the reactivation of the chickenpox virus, characterized by cutaneous manifestations.

    Microorganisms

    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a disease that requires mandatory declaration.
    • Gas gangrene is a disease caused by the growth of Clostridium perfringens and the action of its neurotoxin.
    • The causal agent of tetanus is Clostridium tetani, which penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin that causes muscle stiffness.
    • Molluscum contagiosum is a viral disease.

    Vaccines

    • Inactivated virus vaccines use viruses that have lost their infective capacity due to the action of heat or products.
    • Immunoglobulins are serums that contain antibodies against infectious agents, used to prevent or cure infectious diseases.

    Disease Transmission

    • Infectious diseases can be contagious, but not all are.
    • HIV can be transmitted through parental route, apart from sexual transmission.
    • Cholera is a disease acquired by ingestion of the causal agent present in contaminated water.

    Toxins

    • Cholera toxin can be classified as an enterotoxin.
    • Exfoliative toxins produced by Streptococcus aureus cause symptoms of scalded skin syndrome.

    Gastroenteritis

    • Gastroenteric diseases can be enterotoxigenic and/or invasive.
    • Non-bacterial gastroenteritis is caused by a virus and has mild gastrointestinal symptoms.

    Other Diseases

    • Rheumatic fever is a disease that can appear as a sequel of pharyngitis produced by Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Osteomyelitis is a disease that can have endogenous origin through the blood or surgery.
    • Legionellosis is a disease that requires mandatory declaration in Spain.

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    Description

    A quiz on microbiology, covering topics such as antimicrobial substances and disease causation.

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