Microbiology Quiz

Antimicrobial Substances

• An antimicrobial substance with a restricted spectrum acts only on specific bacteria or mushrooms.

Disease Mechanisms

• Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms can be due to the action of toxins produced by the microorganism or the growth of the microorganism on tissues.
• The mechanisms of external defense against microorganisms include the skin and mucous membrane barriers.

Defense Mechanisms

• Lysozyme, present in saliva and tears, is an external defense mechanism against microorganisms.
• Interferons are soluble molecules that prevent the multiplication of viruses in infected cells.

Infectious Diseases

• Pityriasis is a fungal disease that can cause hypo or hyperpigmentation.
• Syphilis, in its primary phase, is characterized by lesions on the genitals.
• Legionellosis is a disease caused by Legionella pneumophila, which is not transmitted directly from person to person.
• Onychomycosis is a fungal disease that affects the nails.
• Anthrax is a skin disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which penetrates through wounds on the skin.
• Zoster herpes is a disease resulting from the reactivation of the chickenpox virus, characterized by cutaneous manifestations.

Microorganisms

• Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a disease that requires mandatory declaration.
• Gas gangrene is a disease caused by the growth of Clostridium perfringens and the action of its neurotoxin.
• The causal agent of tetanus is Clostridium tetani, which penetrates through skin wounds and secretes a neurotoxin that causes muscle stiffness.
• Molluscum contagiosum is a viral disease.

Vaccines

• Inactivated virus vaccines use viruses that have lost their infective capacity due to the action of heat or products.
• Immunoglobulins are serums that contain antibodies against infectious agents, used to prevent or cure infectious diseases.

Disease Transmission

• Infectious diseases can be contagious, but not all are.
• HIV can be transmitted through parental route, apart from sexual transmission.
• Cholera is a disease acquired by ingestion of the causal agent present in contaminated water.

Toxins

• Cholera toxin can be classified as an enterotoxin.
• Exfoliative toxins produced by Streptococcus aureus cause symptoms of scalded skin syndrome.

Gastroenteritis

• Gastroenteric diseases can be enterotoxigenic and/or invasive.
• Non-bacterial gastroenteritis is caused by a virus and has mild gastrointestinal symptoms.

Other Diseases

• Rheumatic fever is a disease that can appear as a sequel of pharyngitis produced by Streptococcus pyogenes.
• Osteomyelitis is a disease that can have endogenous origin through the blood or surgery.
• Legionellosis is a disease that requires mandatory declaration in Spain.