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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of an informative speech?
Which of the following is NOT an essential part of an informative speech?
Which rhetorical method is used to show the causal relationship between events or phenomena?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key element in constructing an informative speech?
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What is the purpose of the Comparison-Contrast rhetorical method in an informative speech?
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Which rhetorical method is used to inform the audience about the main features, descriptions, or categories of the topic?
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What is the primary purpose of the organizational pattern in an informative speech?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key component in constructing an informative speech?
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What is the purpose of the Chronological Pattern rhetorical method in an informative speech?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three essential parts of an informative speech?
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Study Notes
Speech Acts
- Three types of acts by J.L Austin (1962):
- Locutionary acts - the actual act of uttering
- Illocutionary acts - to request help from the addressee
- Perlocutionary acts - utterance of request is responded through an act of “helping”
Searle's Classification of Speech Acts (1976)
- Assertives - speaker expresses belief of a truth or proposition (e.g., suggesting, swearing, boasting, and concluding)
- Directives - speaker tries to make the addressee do an action (e.g., asking, ordering, requesting, and inviting)
- Expressives - speaker expresses feelings or emotional reactions (e.g., thanking, apologizing, welcoming)
- Commisives - speaker commits to do something (e.g., promising, planning, vowing, and betting)
- Declaratives - brings a change in situation or causing the state of affairs (e.g., blessing, firing, baptizing)
- Topic Control - limits the coverage of a topic/idea in a conversation
Communicative Strategies
- Conversations - are normally part of our day-to-day activities
- Types of communicative strategies:
- Topic Management (Pena and Anudin, 2016)
- Nomination - an introduction or an opening of a topic for discussion
- Restriction - limitations set in a conversation
- Turn-taking - speaker provides cue or signals for others to have their turn or say in the discussion
- Topic Shifting - creating or opening a new focus of discussion
- Repair - A mechanism of self-righting in social interactions
- Termination - ends or concludes interactions
- Topic Management (Pena and Anudin, 2016)
Communication Support Strategies
- Asking for clarification - plays a vital role in verbalizing the questions for clarity
- Repetition - emphasize or clearly define a point to the audience
- Rephrasing - uses other words to phrase out or state the initial message
- Use of non-verbal language - includes gestures, facial expressions, and bodily movements
- Building on what others have said - a strategy to engage connection
Deployment
- Stage presence - the way you conduct yourself on stage
- Facial expressions, gestures, and movements - these important non-verbal cues add meaning to your words as you deliver the lines in your speech
- Rapport with audience - connection with the audience characterized by harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity
- Use of visuals - the use of materials or devices as guides
Types of Speeches According to Purpose
- Informative - to give stimulating and valuable information
- Entertainment - gives direct appeal to the emotions of the audience
- Persuasive - make the audience accept the ideas
Types of Speeches According to Delivery
- Extemporaneous - limited time preparation - speaker is aided with notes or an audience
- Impromptu - limited or no time for preparation - on-the-spot speech delivery
- Manuscript - rehearsed - speaker can read through a prepared script
- Memorized - rehearsed - speaker recited from a memorized speech word-for-word
Manuscript Speech
- Tips:
- Prepare - construct your script
- Mark - put some markings
- Practice - make you know your speech by heart
- Adapt - do not hesitate to revise
- Concentrate - an essential element in your delivery
- Express and act - familiarize yourself with the ambiance and feel of the place
Memorized Speech
- Tips:
- Capture - central message in one declarative sentence to empower its impact on the audience
- Develop - map out your central idea into specific
- Introduce - three things to remember: grab the attention of your audience, give a short background of why they should listen, and then state your thesis
- Check - develop three main points while checking if they have a single idea
- Supply - make sure to have each point with enough explanation
- Conclude - close it off with a remarkable closing
Speech Purposes
- Inform
- Persuade
- Entertain
- Express
- Argue
Informative Speech
- Aims to provide and present facts, information, ideas, and concepts
- Four types of informative speech:
- Speech about objects or people
- Speech about processes
- Speech about events
- Speech about concepts
Organizational Pattern for Informative Speech
- To create an outline to clearly explain and express the goal or message of your speech
- Four rhetorical methods:
- Chronological pattern - follows a time pattern procedure
- Spatial/Topical/Categorical pattern - to inform your audience about the main features, descriptions, or categories of your topic
- Cause-Effect pattern - to show your audience about the causal relationship of events or phenomena
- Comparison-Contrast pattern - to compare objects, events, or concepts underscoring their similarities and differences
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Description
Test your knowledge on the different types of acts proposed by J.L Austin in 1962, such as ilocutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and perlocutionary acts, along with Searle's classification of speech acts from 1976 including assertives and directives. This quiz will help you understand the distinctions between these types of speech acts.
