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What is the characteristic of a solid state of matter?
What is the process of a solid becoming a liquid?
What is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid?
What is the process of a liquid becoming a gas?
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What is the process of a solid becoming a gas without passing through the liquid state?
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What is the characteristic of particles in a solid state according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the process of particles moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
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Who observed the random, erratic movement of particles suspended in a fluid?
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What is the result of the constant thermal motion of particles?
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What is the primary factor that affects the energy and movement of particles in a substance?
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In a solid, what is the primary movement of the particles?
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What is the result of the increased movement of particles in a liquid?
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What is the characteristic of gases in the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the process where a solid becomes a liquid as it absorbs heat?
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What is the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid?
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What is the primary reason that gases are easily compressible?
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What is the result of the attractive forces between particles in a liquid?
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What is the primary characteristic of the particles in a solid?
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What is the process where a liquid becomes a gas?
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What is the term for the direct transition from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state?
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What is the process where a gas becomes a liquid upon cooling?
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Who introduced the concept of atoms in the fifth century BC?
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What is the model that describes atoms as solid spheres that could combine in fixed ratios to form compounds?
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Who discovered the electron in 1897?
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What is the model that describes atoms as having a dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons?
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What is the term for the reverse of sublimation, where a gas transitions directly into a solid?
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Who proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels and can only occupy certain orbits?
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What is the process where particles lose energy, slow down, and arrange themselves into a fixed, orderly structure?
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What was the unexpected result of Rutherford's experiment?
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What is the size of the nucleus in an atom compared to the atom's overall size?
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What is the relative atomic mass of an element?
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What is the charge of an electron?
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What is the role of neutrons in an atom?
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What is the atomic number of an element?
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What is the mass of a proton compared to that of an electron?
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What is the location of protons and neutrons in an atom?
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What is the primary role of electrons in chemical reactions?
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What is the significance of the atomic number?
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What is the average atomic mass of chlorine?
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Which of the following fields is isotopes NOT crucial in?
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What is the energy level of electrons that are closest to the nucleus?
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What is the number of electrons that can occupy an orbital?
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Which of the following elements has an atomic number of 3?
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What is the symbol for the electron configuration of fluorine?
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What is the purpose of an Aufbau diagram?
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What is the order of filling orbitals in an energy level?
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What is the significance of isotopes in medicine?
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What determines the electron configuration of an atom?
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What is the atomic mass number of an atom?
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What is the definition of an isotope?
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What is the difference between isotopes of the same element?
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What is the result of an atom gaining or losing electrons?
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What is the formula to calculate the average atomic mass of an element?
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What is the significance of the Greek origin of the term 'isotope'?
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What is the characteristic of isotopes in terms of chemical properties?
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What is the notation for representing an isotope?
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Why do isotopes have different physical properties?
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What is Hund's rule?
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What is the main purpose of spectroscopic notation?
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What is the result of an atom having the same number of electrons as protons?
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What is the shape of p orbitals?
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What are electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom called?
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Why are elements with a full valence shell particularly stable and unreactive?
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Who is credited with creating the first widely recognized periodic table?
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Who predicted the existence of a neutral particle in the nucleus to account for its stability despite the repulsive forces between protons?
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What is the main characteristic of the quantum mechanical model of atomic structure?
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What is the energy required to remove one electron from an atom in the gas phase?
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What is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond?
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What is the unit of measurement used to simplify the masses of atoms?
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What was the outcome of Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment?
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What is the arrangement of the elements in the periodic table?
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What is the mass of a carbon atom in atomic mass units?
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What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
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Who developed the plum pudding model of the atom?
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What is the approximate mass of a hydrogen atom in kilograms?
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What is the main limitation of the atomic models?
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What is the significance of the quantum mechanical model?
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What is the importance of atomic models in science?
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What is the characteristic of noble gases?
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What is the general trend of atomic radius in Group 18?
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What is the electron configuration of Helium?
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of Group 1 elements?
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What is the purpose of Lewis structures?
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How many valence electrons does a chlorine atom have?
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What is the type of bond formed in a hydrogen chloride molecule?
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What is the trend of ionisation energy in Group 18?
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What is the trend of electronegativity in Group 1?
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What is the type of bond formed between two iodine atoms in an iodine molecule?
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Which period number indicates the highest energy level that is being filled with electrons?
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Which trend is observed in the periodic table for atomic radius?
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What is the general electron configuration of group 1 elements?
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Which group of elements is characterized by being highly reactive, especially with water?
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What is the characteristic of group 16 elements?
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What is the trend observed in the periodic table for ionization energy?
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What is the characteristic of group 17 elements?
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What is the general electron configuration of group 15 elements?
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Which element is an example of a group 2 element?
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What is the general trend observed in the periodic table for electronegativity?
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What type of bond is formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What is the symbol placed in the center of the hydrogen cyanide molecule?
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How many pairs of dots are placed between the C and O symbols in the carbon dioxide molecule?
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What is the type of bond formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?
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How many pairs of dots are placed between the H and O symbols in the water molecule?
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What is the symbol placed on either side of the carbon atom in the carbon dioxide molecule?
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How many pairs of dots are placed around each oxygen atom in the carbon dioxide molecule?
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What is the type of bond formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What is the primary difference between a solid and a liquid?
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What occurs during the process of condensation?
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According to the kinetic molecular theory, what is the arrangement of particles in a gas?
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What is the term for the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
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What is the result of the constant thermal motion of particles in a substance?
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What is the primary factor that affects the energy and movement of particles in a substance?
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What is the term for the process where a liquid becomes a solid as it loses heat?
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What is the result of the attractive forces between particles in a liquid?
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What is the primary difference between evaporation and boiling?
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Which of the following models of the atom proposes that atoms are composed of small, indivisible particles?
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What is the process where a gas becomes a liquid upon cooling?
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Which of the following scientists is credited with introducing the concept of atoms in the fifth century BC?
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What is the result of the attractive forces between particles in a solid?
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Which of the following models of the atom describes atoms as having a dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons?
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What is the primary characteristic of the particles in a solid, according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the process where particles gain energy, move faster, and arrange themselves in a random, disorderly structure?
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Which of the following scientists is credited with discovering the electron?
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What is the term for the direct transition from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state?
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What is the primary explanation for the existence of different phases of matter according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the result of the attractive forces between particles in a solid?
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What is the primary characteristic of the particles in a liquid state?
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What is the result of the high energy level of particles in a gas?
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What is the process of a liquid becoming a solid upon losing heat according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the primary reason that liquids conform to the shape of their container?
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What is the characteristic of the arrangement of particles in a solid according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the primary factor that affects the energy and movement of particles in a substance according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the characteristic of gases in the kinetic molecular theory that makes them easily compressible?
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What is the primary explanation for the phase transitions of matter according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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Which scientist predicted the existence of a neutral particle in the nucleus to account for its stability?
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What is the characteristic of the quantum mechanical model?
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What is the purpose of the atomic mass unit (amu)?
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What was the unexpected result of Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment?
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What is the significance of atomic models in science?
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What is the characteristic of the neutron?
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What is the contribution of James Chadwick's discovery of the neutron?
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What is the reason for using atomic mass units (amu) instead of kilograms?
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What is the significance of the atomic mass of an element?
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What is the role of the nucleus in an atom?
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What is the atomic mass number of an atom?
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What is the difference between isotopes of an element?
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What is the term for a positively charged ion?
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What is the significance of the atomic number of an element?
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What is the result of the difference in the number of neutrons in isotopes of an element?
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How are isotopes of an element represented?
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What is the formula to calculate the average atomic mass of an element with multiple isotopes?
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What is the significance of the relative abundance of isotopes in an element?
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What is the characteristic of isotopes of an element?
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What is the origin of the term 'isotope'?
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What is the primary role of isotopes in environmental science?
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What is the significance of the energy level of electrons in an atom?
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What is the purpose of an Aufbau diagram?
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What is the characteristic of electrons in the first energy level?
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How many electrons can occupy an orbital?
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What is the significance of isotopes in chemistry and physics?
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What is the electron configuration of fluorine?
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What determines the electron configuration of an atom?
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What is the significance of the atomic number of an element?
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What is the result of the attractive force of the nucleus on electrons?
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What is the primary role of electrons in chemical reactions and bonding?
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What is the composition of the nucleus of an atom?
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What is the significance of the atomic number of an element?
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What is the relative atomic mass of an element?
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What is the mass of a proton compared to that of an electron?
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What is the location of electrons in an atom?
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What is the role of neutrons in an atom?
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What is the analogy used to illustrate the size of the nucleus compared to the atom's overall size?
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What is the result of Rutherford's experiment?
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What is the charge of a proton?
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Which of the following elements is in period 3 and group 15 of the periodic table?
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What is the general trend in atomic radius across a period in the periodic table?
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Which of the following groups is characterized by highly reactive elements, especially with water?
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What is the electron configuration of the elements in Group 1?
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Which of the following elements is a transition metal?
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What is the general trend in ionization energy across a period in the periodic table?
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Which of the following groups is characterized by elements that are very reactive non-metals?
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What is the electron configuration of the elements in Group 15?
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Which of the following elements is a noble gas?
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What is the general trend in reactivity down a group in the alkali metals?
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What type of bond is formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What is the representation of a double covalent bond in Lewis notation?
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What type of bond is formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?
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How are the remaining valence electrons of oxygen represented in a Lewis structure?
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What is the bond formed between the carbon and nitrogen atoms in a hydrogen cyanide molecule?
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How are the remaining valence electrons of nitrogen represented in a hydrogen cyanide molecule?
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What is the bond formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?
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How are the covalent bonds represented in a water molecule?
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What is the general electron configuration of noble gases?
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What is the trend of atomic radius in Group 18 elements?
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What is the physical property that typically increases down Group 18?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of noble gases?
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What is the electron configuration of Helium?
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What is the trend of ionisation energy in Group 18 elements?
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What is the purpose of Lewis structures?
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What is the Lewis structure of a chlorine atom?
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What is the main principle of Hund's rule?
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What is the significance of the superscript in spectroscopic notation?
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What type of bond is formed in a hydrogen chloride molecule?
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What is the trend of electronegativity in Group 18 elements?
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What is the shape of p orbitals?
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What is the primary factor that determines an element's chemical properties?
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What is the principle that states that atoms tend to form bonds until they have eight electrons in their outermost shell?
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Who is credited with creating the first widely recognized periodic table?
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What is the term for the energy required to remove one electron from an atom in the gas phase?
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What is the term for the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond?
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What is the organization of the elements in the periodic table?
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What is the purpose of the periodic table?
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What is the primary reason why particles in a solid state are closely packed in a fixed arrangement?
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Which of the following processes occurs when a substance absorbs heat and its particles gain energy?
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What is the characteristic of particles in a gas state according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the result of the process of diffusion?
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Which of the following processes occurs when a substance loses heat and its particles lose energy?
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What is the primary characteristic of particles in a liquid state according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the term for the change of state from a solid to a liquid?
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What is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
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What is the primary reason for the difference in energy levels between particles in a solid and a liquid?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of particles in a gas according to the kinetic molecular theory?
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What is the primary reason for the transition from a solid to a liquid?
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What is the result of the attractive forces between particles in a solid?
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What is the primary characteristic of particles in a liquid?
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What is the result of the increased movement of particles in a liquid?
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What is the primary reason for the ease of compressibility of gases?
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What is the result of the removal of heat from a liquid?
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What is the primary characteristic of the arrangement of particles in a solid?
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What is the primary reason for the transition from a liquid to a gas?
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Which of the following groups of elements have full valence shells, making them inert?
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What is the general trend in atomic radius across a period in the periodic table?
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Which of the following elements has the electron configuration [noble gas]ns²np³?
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What is the primary reason for the stability of noble gases?
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What is the term for the group of elements that includes nitrogen, phosphorus, and arsenic?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of s orbitals?
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Which of the following elements has the highest reactivity in its group?
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What is the general trend in ionization energy across a period in the periodic table?
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What is the significance of the octet rule in understanding chemical behavior?
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What is the primary function of the valence electrons in determining an element's chemical properties?
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Which of the following elements has the electron configuration [noble gas]ns²np²?
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What is the primary characteristic of transition metals?
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Which of the following is a consequence of Hund's rule?
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What is the significance of the periodic table in understanding chemical behavior?
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What is the primary reason for the variation in the atomic mass of chlorine?
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Which of the following groups of elements has the lowest reactivity?
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Which of the following statements is true about the energy levels of electrons in an atom?
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What is the purpose of spectroscopic notation in representing electron configurations?
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What is the general trend in electronegativity across a period in the periodic table?
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What is the primary factor that determines the reactivity of an element?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of core electrons?
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What is the significance of Aufbau diagrams in understanding electron configuration?
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What is the significance of the electron configuration of an element in understanding its chemical behavior?
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What is the primary organization of the periodic table?
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Which of the following is NOT a guideline for determining the electron configuration of an atom?
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What is the term for the arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels and orbitals?
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What is the purpose of isotopes in environmental science?
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What is the significance of electron arrangement in understanding the properties of an element?
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What is the term for the energy levels of electrons in an atom?
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What is the primary reason for the use of isotopes in medicine?
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What is the primary reason why the atomic mass of an element is a weighted average of the masses of its isotopes?
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What is the significance of the atomic number of an element?
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What is the role of electrons in chemical reactions?
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What is the characteristic of the nucleus of an atom?
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What is the significance of neutrons in an atom?
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What is the difference between the mass of a proton and the mass of an electron?
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What is the location of protons and neutrons in an atom?
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What is the significance of the relative atomic mass of an element?
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What is the primary reason for the formation of a solid structure during the process of condensation?
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What is the main difference between the models of John Dalton and J.J. Thomson?
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What is the result of Rutherford's experiment?
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What is the primary characteristic of the nuclear model proposed by Ernest Rutherford?
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What is the characteristic of the size of the nucleus in an atom?
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What is the primary reason for the discrete wavelengths of light emitted by atoms, according to Niels Bohr's model?
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What is the primary difference between the processes of sublimation and deposition?
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What is the primary contribution of Democritus and Leucippus to the development of atomic theory?
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What is the primary reason why isotopes of an element exhibit the same chemical properties?
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What is the primary characteristic of the process of evaporation?
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What is the primary difference between the models of J.J. Thomson and Ernest Rutherford?
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What is the term for the positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons?
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What is the primary reason for the formation of a liquid structure during the process of condensation?
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What is the formula to calculate the average atomic mass of an element with multiple isotopes?
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What is the primary contribution of James Chadwick to the understanding of atomic structure?
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What is the significance of the atomic mass unit (amu) in atomic physics?
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What is the significance of the atomic mass number of an atom?
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What is the term for the atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons?
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What is the key feature of the quantum mechanical model of atomic structure?
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What is the origin of the term 'isotope'?
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What is the primary reason for the importance of models in scientific understanding?
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What is the result of the difference in the number of neutrons between isotopes of an element?
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What was the unexpected result of Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment?
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What is the notation for representing an element, including its atomic number, atomic mass number, and chemical symbol?
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What is the relationship between the atomic mass unit (amu) and the mass of an atom in kilograms?
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What is the characteristic of a neutral atom?
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What is the role of protons and neutrons in an atom?
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What is the primary advantage of using the atomic mass unit (amu) over the actual mass of an atom in kilograms?
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What is the definition of an atomic mass number?
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What is the significance of the quantum mechanical model in understanding atomic structure?
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What is the primary characteristic of the atomic models developed by scientists?
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What is the general electron configuration of the noble gases, except for helium?
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Which of the following trends is NOT true for the noble gases?
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What is the electron configuration of chlorine?
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What is the number of valence electrons in a chlorine atom?
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What is the electronic structure of a hydrogen atom in Lewis notation?
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What is the result of the increased distance from the nucleus in the noble gases?
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What is the trend of melting and boiling points in the alkali metals?
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What is the reactivity of the alkali metals?
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What is the electron configuration of the alkali metals?
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What is the trend of atomic radius in the noble gases?
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What is the total number of valence electrons represented in the Lewis notation of a carbon dioxide molecule (CO₂)?
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What type of bond is formed when six electrons (three pairs) are shared between two atoms in Lewis notation?
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What is the total number of electrons shared in a triple covalent bond?
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How many pairs of dots are placed between each H and O symbol in the Lewis notation of a water molecule (H₂O)?
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What is the number of valence electrons of nitrogen represented in the Lewis notation of a hydrogen cyanide molecule (HCN)?
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What type of bond is formed when two electrons (one pair) are shared between two atoms in Lewis notation?
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What is the number of pairs of electrons shared between the carbon atom and each oxygen atom in a carbon dioxide molecule (CO₂)?
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What is the number of dots placed between the C and N symbols in the Lewis notation of a hydrogen cyanide molecule (HCN)?
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What is the valency of an element in group 1?
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What is the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom that can be used to form bonds with other atoms?
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What type of bond is formed between the hydrogen atom and the chlorine atom in a hydrogen chloride molecule?
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What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that differentiates them from ionic compounds?
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What is the result of the intermolecular forces in covalent compounds?
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What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them flexible?
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What is the reason why covalent compounds are generally not very soluble in water?
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What is the valency of an element in group 2?
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What is the characteristic of transition metals?
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What is the formula for describing the bond between the carbon atom and the oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?
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What type of bond occurs between non-metal atoms?
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What is the result of the sharing of electrons in a covalent bond?
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How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond?
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What type of bond is formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What is the characteristic of a covalent bond?
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What is the result of the overlap of the outermost orbitals of the bonding atoms?
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What is the role of the shared electrons in a covalent bond?
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What is responsible for the high melting and boiling points of metals?
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What is an example of a molecule with a triple covalent bond?
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What is the term for the unique bonding type in metals, where positive ions are surrounded by a 'sea' of delocalized electrons?
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What is the purpose of the visual model-building activity in understanding metallic bonding?
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What is the arrangement of atoms in a Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) crystal lattice?
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What is the purpose of chemical formulae in chemistry?
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What are the building blocks of chemical compounds?
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What is the term for the direct transition from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state?
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What is the result of the delocalized electrons moving freely around the positive ions in a metal?
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What is the characteristic of metals that allows them to conduct heat effectively?
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What is the arrangement of atoms in a Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) crystal lattice?
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What is the chemical formula for magnesium chloride?
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What is the charge of the sulphate ion?
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What is the process of writing a chemical formula called?
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What is the purpose of the criss-cross method?
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What is the unit used to express the formula mass of a compound?
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What is the result of not balancing the charges of ions in a compound?
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What is the significance of balancing charges in a compound?
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What is the term for the building blocks of matter?
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What determines the properties of a material?
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What is the term for the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a compound's formula?
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What is the main reason ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in their solid state?
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What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?
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What is the arrangement of ions in ionic compounds?
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What is the characteristic of metals that allows them to conduct electricity?
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What is the result of applying force to an ionic compound?
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What is the definition of an ionic bond?
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What is the characteristic of metallic bonding?
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What is the arrangement of sodium ions and chloride ions in sodium chloride (NaCl)?
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What is the result of dissolving ionic compounds in water or melting them?
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What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that makes them crystalline at room temperature?
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What is the characteristic of noble gases?
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What is the type of bonding that occurs in molecular compounds?
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What is the type of compound that forms through ionic bonding?
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What is the characteristic of covalent molecular structures?
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What is the type of structure that exists as a giant repeating lattice structure?
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What is the purpose of a chemical formula?
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What is the difference between a molecular formula and an empirical formula?
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What is the type of diagram that shows the arrangement of atoms within a molecule?
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What is the characteristic of metallic compounds?
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What is the type of structure that consists of a lattice of ions held together by ionic bonds?
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What is the primary purpose of molecular models such as wireframe, ball and stick, and space-filling models?
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What is the Law of Constant Composition also known as?
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What is the significance of the Law of Constant Composition in chemistry?
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What is the Law of Combining Volumes, also known as?
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What is the significance of Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes in chemistry?
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What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in a water molecule?
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What is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?
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What is the volume relationship when hydrogen and oxygen gases react to form water?
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What is the basic unit of charge?
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What is the volume relationship when nitrogen and hydrogen gases react to form ammonia?
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What is the phenomenon where a charged object induces a shift in the positions of electrons and nuclei within the atoms of a neutral insulator?
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What is the significance of the Law of Constant Composition in chemical manufacturing?
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What is the primary purpose of the Law of Combining Volumes in chemistry?
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What is the characteristic of conductors that enables them to distribute charge evenly over their surfaces?
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What is the name of the experiment that measured the charge of an electron?
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What is the formula that represents the principle of charge quantisation?
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What is the unit of charge often used in electrostatics?
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What happens to the electrons in an insulator when a charged object is brought close to it?
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What is the result of the induced dipole effect in a polarised insulator?
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What is the difference between conductors and insulators?
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What is the fundamental principle in chemistry that states that the mass of a closed system will remain constant, regardless of the processes occurring within the system?
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What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?
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What is the step in balancing a chemical equation where the number of atoms of each element is counted?
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What is the symbol used to indicate that heat is required for a reaction?
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What is the result of balancing a chemical equation?
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What is the purpose of state symbols in a chemical equation?
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What is responsible for the immobility of electrons in insulators?
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What happens when two charges of opposite types are brought close together?
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What is the step in balancing a chemical equation where the coefficients of the molecules are changed?
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What is the term for the decomposition of a compound into simpler substances?
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What is the relationship between the strength of the electrostatic force and the distance between the charges?
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What is the purpose of verifying that the atoms are balanced in a chemical equation?
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What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?
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What is the definition of electromotive force (EMF)?
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What is the result of the law of conservation of mass?
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What is the driving force that enables current flow in a circuit?
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What is the mathematical expression for potential difference?
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What is the relationship between the strength of the electrostatic force and the distance between the charges?
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What happens when a positively charged rod is brought close to a stream of water?
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What is the result of rubbing a glass rod with silk?
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What is the force between two like charges?
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What is the purpose of the experiment where a glass rod is rubbed with silk and hung from a string?
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What is the characteristic of water molecules?
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What is the difference between the EMF and the terminal voltage of a battery?
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What is the unit of measurement for current?
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What is polarisation?
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What is the purpose of an ammeter?
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What happens when a charged rod is brought near a neutral insulator?
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What is the characteristic of conductors?
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What is the result of the attractive forces between particles in a liquid?
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What is the electrostatic force?
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What is the purpose of connecting an ammeter in series with a circuit component?
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What happens when two identical conductors touch?
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What type of bond occurs between non-metal atoms?
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What is the result of the sharing of electrons in a covalent bond?
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What is the definition of a covalent bond?
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What determines the type of covalent bond formed between atoms?
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What is an example of a molecule with a single covalent bond?
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What is an example of a molecule with a triple covalent bond?
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What is the result of the movement of shared electrons in a covalent bond?
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What is the purpose of covalent bonding?
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What is the charge of the sulphate anion?
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What is the purpose of balancing the charges when writing a chemical formula?
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What is the criss-cross method used for?
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What is the formula for magnesium chloride?
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What is the result of the constant thermal motion of particles in a substance?
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What is the term for the direct transition from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state?
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What is the charge of the ammonium cation?
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What is the purpose of writing chemical formulae?
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What is the formula for aluminum oxide?
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What is the importance of balancing the charges when writing a chemical formula?
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What is the primary reason for metals having high melting and boiling points?
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What is the role of the 'sea of electrons' in metallic bonding?
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What is the term for the arrangement of atoms in a metal, where each atom is at the corners of a cube with one atom at the center of the cube?
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What is the purpose of writing chemical formulae?
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Why are metals malleable and ductile?
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What is the result of the strong electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei and the sea of electrons in metals?
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What is the term for the arrangement of atoms in a metal, where each atom is at the corners of a cube with atoms at the centers of each face of the cube?
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What is the primary characteristic of the metallic bond?
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What is the purpose of the activity of building models to understand metallic bonding?
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What is the term for the lattice structure where atoms are packed closely together in a hexagonal arrangement?
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Why do ionic compounds not conduct electricity in their solid state?
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What is the primary driving force behind ionic bonding?
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What is the relationship between the valency of an element and its position on the periodic table for elements in groups 1 and 2?
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What is the characteristic of the crystal lattice structure of ionic compounds?
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What is the definition of valency?
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Why do ionic compounds exhibit high melting and boiling points?
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What is the characteristic of the bond between metal atoms in a metallic bond?
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What is the type of bond formed between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in a hydrogen chloride molecule?
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What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them more flexible than ionic compounds?
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What is the result of the delocalization of electrons in a metallic bond?
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What is the characteristic of metals due to their delocalized electrons?
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What is the reason why covalent compounds are generally not very soluble in water?
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What is the fundamental difference between ionic and metallic bonding?
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What is the characteristic of transition metals in terms of valency?
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Why do ionic compounds tend to be brittle?
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What is the type of bond formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?
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What is the characteristic of covalent compounds in terms of electrical conductivity?
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What is the definition of an ionic bond?
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What is the reason why covalent compounds have lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds?
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What is the type of bond formed between the nitrogen atoms in a nitrogen molecule?
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What is the primary purpose of molecular models?
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According to the Law of Constant Composition, what is the proportion of elements in a given chemical compound?
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What is the significance of Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes?
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What type of bond is formed when non-metal atoms share electrons?
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What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in a water molecule?
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Which type of compound is formed through ionic bonding?
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What is the volume relationship between reacting gases and their gaseous products in Gay-Lussac's Law?
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What is the term for a compound that consists of two or more different atoms bonded together?
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What is the significance of the Law of Constant Composition in chemistry?
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Which of the following is an example of a covalent molecular structure?
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What is the term for a network structure that consists of atoms bonded covalently in a continuous lattice?
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What is the result of the Law of Combining Volumes in chemical reactions?
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What is the purpose of a chemical formula?
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What is the relationship between the volumes of hydrogen and oxygen gases in the formation of water?
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What is the term for a representation of a molecule that shows the arrangement of atoms within the molecule?
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What is the importance of the Law of Constant Composition in identifying and characterizing substances?
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Which type of compound is formed through metallic bonding?
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What is the term for a giant repeating lattice structure that consists of ions held together by ionic bonds?
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Which of the following is an example of a noble gas?
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What is the relationship between the strength of the electrostatic force and the distance between the charges?
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What happens when a positively charged rod is brought close to a stream of water?
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What is the result of bringing a negatively charged plastic rod close to a positively charged glass rod?
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What is the purpose of the experiment involving a glass rod and a string?
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What is the characteristic of water molecules that allows them to align with an electric field?
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What is the result of bringing a similarly charged glass rod close to another glass rod?
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What is the fundamental principle in chemistry that states that matter cannot be created or destroyed?
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What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?
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What is the symbol used to indicate that heat is required for a reaction?
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What is the step in balancing a chemical equation where the number of atoms of each element is counted?
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What is the purpose of adding state symbols to a chemical equation?
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What is the result of balancing a chemical equation?
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What is the step in balancing a chemical equation where the coefficients of the molecules are changed?
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What is the significance of the Law of Conservation of Mass in chemical reactions?
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What is the benefit of balancing a chemical equation?
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When balancing the equation CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O, which step should be done first?
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What is the result of the immobility of electrons in insulators?
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What is the elementary charge (e) equal to?
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What is the result of polarisation in a neutral insulator?
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What is the relationship between the strength of the electrostatic force and the distance between the charges?
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What happens when a positively charged rod is brought close to a stream of water?
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What happens when two conductors touch?
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What is the result of the induced dipole effect in a polarised insulator?
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What is the definition of potential difference (voltage)?
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What is the significance of Millikan's oil drop experiment?
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What is the unit of charge?
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What is the definition of electromotive force (EMF)?
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What is the principle of charge quantisation?
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What happens to the electrons in a polarised insulator?
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What is the result of the alignment of water molecules in response to an electric field?
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What is the purpose of rubbing a glass rod with silk in an electrostatic experiment?
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What is the primary difference between the EMF and terminal voltage of a battery?
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What is the result of the repulsive force between like charges?
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What is the term for the force between static electric charges?
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What is the valency of an element in group 16 of the periodic table?
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Which of the following molecules has a triple covalent bond?
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What is the primary reason for the low melting and boiling points of covalent compounds?
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Which of the following statements is true about transition metals?
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What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them generally not very soluble in water?
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What is the primary reason covalent bonding occurs between non-metal atoms?
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What is the characteristic of graphite that makes it slippery?
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What is the result of the sharing of electrons in a covalent bond?
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What is the characteristic of a single covalent bond?
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What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?
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What is the characteristic of a triple covalent bond?
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What is the valency of an element in group 17 of the periodic table?
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What is the term for the bonds formed between two atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons?
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What is the result of the overlap of the outermost orbitals of the bonding atoms in a covalent bond?
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What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them poor conductors of electricity?
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What is the definition of a covalent bond?
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What is the primary driving force behind ionic bonding?
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What is the type of bond formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What is the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?
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What is the chemical formula for aluminum oxide?
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What is the charge of the chromate anion?
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What is the term for the direct transition from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state?
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What is the formula mass of a compound?
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What is the term for the valency of an ion?
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What is the primary reason for the high melting and boiling points of metals?
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What is the term for the arrangement of atoms in a metal where each atom is at the corners of a cube with one atom at the center of the cube?
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What is the role of the 'sea of electrons' in the visualization of metallic bonding?
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What is the primary characteristic of metals that arises from the close packing of atoms in the lattice?
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What is the result of the strong electrostatic attraction between the positive nuclei and the sea of electrons in metals?
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What is the primary characteristic of noble gases such as helium, neon, and argon?
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What is the term for a compound that exists as a giant repeating lattice structure?
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What is the primary purpose of balancing the carbon and hydrogen atoms first in a chemical equation?
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What is the result of the constant thermal motion of particles in a substance?
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What is the significance of the elementary charge (e) in the principle of charge quantisation?
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What is the relationship between the strength of the electrostatic force and the distance between the charges?
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What occurs when a positively charged rod is brought close to a stream of water?
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What is the reason for the attraction between opposite charges?
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What is the purpose of Millikan's oil drop experiment?
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What is the primary benefit of using space-filling models in understanding molecular structures?
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What is the significance of the Law of Constant Composition in chemistry?
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What is the significance of Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes in chemical reactions?
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A negatively charged rod is brought near a neutral insulator. What happens to the electrons and nuclei within the atoms of the insulator?
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What is the characteristic of the elements in Groups 3-12, also known as the Transition Metals?
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What is the general electron configuration of the noble gases, except for helium?
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Which of the following trends is observed in the atomic radius of the noble gases?
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What is the reactivity of the noble gases?
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Which of the following elements has an electron configuration of 1s²?
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What is the correct notation for a hydrogen atom in Lewis notation?
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What type of bond is formed when six electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What is the electron configuration of chlorine?
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What is the correct Lewis notation for a chlorine atom?
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How are the remaining four valence electrons of oxygen represented in the Lewis structure of a water molecule?
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What is the type of bond formed between the carbon and nitrogen atoms in a hydrogen cyanide molecule?
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What is the type of bond formed in a hydrogen chloride molecule?
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What is the correct Lewis notation for a water molecule?
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How are the covalent bonds represented in a Lewis structure?
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What is the type of bond formed when two electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What determines the electron configuration of an atom?
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How are the remaining four valence electrons of carbon represented in the Lewis structure of a carbon dioxide molecule?
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What is the type of bond formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?
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How are the covalent bonds represented between the carbon and oxygen atoms in a carbon dioxide molecule?
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What is the fundamental principle of covalent bonding?
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What type of bond is formed when four electrons are shared between two atoms?
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What is the result of the movement of shared electrons in a covalent bond?
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What is the term for the process where atoms share three pairs of electrons to form a bond?
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What is the purpose of covalent bonding?
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What is the characteristic of the shared electrons in a covalent bond?
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What is the result of the attractive force between the shared electrons and the positively charged nuclei in a covalent bond?
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What is the definition of a covalent bond?
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What is the valency of an element in group 1 of the periodic table?
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How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond?
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What is the characteristic of covalent compounds that makes them more flexible than ionic compounds?
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What is the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom that can be used to form bonds with other atoms?
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Which of the following molecules has a triple covalent bond?
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What is the primary reason why iodine dissolved in pure water does not conduct electricity?
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What is the general trend of melting and boiling points of covalent compounds compared to ionic compounds?
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What is the driving force behind ionic bonding?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of covalent compounds?
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What is the arrangement of ions in ionic compounds?
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What is the valency of an element in group 13 of the periodic table?
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What is the type of bond formed between the carbon atom and each oxygen atom in a carbon dioxide molecule?
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What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that makes them brittle?
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What is the reason why solid ionic compounds do not conduct electricity?
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What is the general trend of covalent compounds when it comes to electrical conductivity?
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What is the characteristic of metallic bonds that gives metals their distinctive properties?
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What is the reason why metals are shiny?
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What is the characteristic of metals that allows them to conduct electricity?
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What is the primary reason for metals' high melting and boiling points?
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What is the purpose of the 'sea of electrons' in metallic bonding?
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What is the term for the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged atomic nuclei and the negatively charged delocalized electrons?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of metals due to their atomic structure?
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What is the characteristic of ionic compounds that makes them crystalline at room temperature?
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What is the primary benefit of visualizing metallic bonding using a lattice of positive ions and a 'sea of electrons'?
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What is the purpose of building a physical model of metallic bonding using colored balls and sticks?
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What is the significance of crystal lattices in understanding the properties of metals?
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What is the purpose of chemical formulae in chemistry?
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What is the primary role of cations in writing chemical formulae?
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What is the significance of understanding common anions and cations in writing chemical formulae?
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What is the primary benefit of understanding the different types of crystal lattices in metals?
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What is the chemical formula for magnesium chloride?
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What is the oxidation state of the sodium ion (Na)?
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What is the process of writing a chemical formula?
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What is the importance of balancing charges in a compound?
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What is the Criss-Cross method used for?
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What is the formula mass of a compound?
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What is the role of the valency in balancing charges?
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What is the atomic mass unit (amu) used for?
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What is the building block of matter?
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What determines the properties of a material?
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What is the relationship between the strength of the electrostatic force and the distance between the charges?
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What happens when a positively charged rod is brought close to a stream of water?
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What is the result of bringing a differently charged rod close to a positively charged glass rod?
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What is the characteristic of water molecules?
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What happens when two similarly charged glass rods are brought close to each other?
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What is the result of rubbing a glass rod with silk?
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