Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?
What is the major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?
Which substances are secreted by fat cells that impair insulin action?
Which substances are secreted by fat cells that impair insulin action?
What role does adiponectin play in relation to insulin?
What role does adiponectin play in relation to insulin?
What effect does an increase in the number and size of fat cells have on insulin action?
What effect does an increase in the number and size of fat cells have on insulin action?
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What percentage of individuals with type 2 diabetes are reported to be obese?
What percentage of individuals with type 2 diabetes are reported to be obese?
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Study Notes
Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity
- Obesity is the major risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
- Approximately 80-90% of people with type 2 diabetes are obese (20% or more above recommended weight).
- Without obesity, these individuals would likely not develop the disease.
- The chapter focuses on factors linked to increased body fat and type 2 diabetes.
Mechanisms of Obesity-Diabetes Link
- Excess fat, especially abdominal fat, releases biological substances (resistin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor, free fatty acids).
- These substances reduce insulin effectiveness.
- They impair glucose use in muscles.
- They increase glucose production in the liver.
- They impair insulin release from the pancreas.
- Increased fat cells also reduce the release of insulin-promoting compounds (like adiponectin).
- Adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity and has anti-inflammatory properties.
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Description
This quiz explores the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes, highlighting that obesity is a significant risk factor for developing the disease. It delves into the biological mechanisms that connect excess fat to insulin effectiveness and glucose metabolism. Understanding these connections is crucial for addressing diabetes and obesity-related health concerns.
