Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction Medical Management

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Questions and Answers

Which location is preferred for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy due to the absence of vital organs or vessels nearby?

Sternum

Anterior superior iliac crest

Vertebral body

Posterior superior iliac crest (correct)

Why is local anesthesia given during bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?

To decrease bleeding risk

To relax the patient

To numb the bone (correct)

To prevent infection

What type of pain might the patient feel as the needle goes into the bone during bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?

Cramping pain

Stabbing pain

Continuous dull pain

Sharp but brief pain (correct)

What should be done if a biopsy is performed after aspiration during a bone marrow procedure?

The biopsy is performed in a different location than aspiration Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a patient with herpes zoster ophthalmicus?

Ensuring the patient takes antiviral medications within 24 hours of onset Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic manifestation during the acute eruptive phase of herpes zoster?

Grouped vesicles in linear patches along the dermatome Signup and view all the answers

In psoriasis vulgaris, where are the pruritic skin lesions primarily found?

Extremities and trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for exacerbation of psoriasis?

Skin trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of managing psoriasis?

Suppressing immune system function Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is associated with generalized exfoliative dermatitis?

Scaling of more than 90% of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Stevens-Johnson Syndrome from Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)?

< 50% skin detachment in SJS Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is appropriate for a patient with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis?

Using chlorhexidine baths for cleansing Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of Immune Complex Hypersensitivity Type 3?

Joint pain Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity is mediated by T cells?

Type 4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?

Involves immune complexes that deposit in tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results from low levels of platelets because the body attacks its own platelets?

Autoimmune hemolytic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is an example of Immune Complex Hypersensitivity Type 3?

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Signup and view all the answers

What is mainly assessed through a CBC in the diagnostic evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions?

White blood cell count Signup and view all the answers

Which test is an automated blood test performed on blood samples to determine sensitivity to various allergens?

RAST (Radioallergosorbent test) Signup and view all the answers

What is the disadvantage of provocative testing in allergy assessment?

Precipitating severe symptoms like bronchospasm in asthmatic patients Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of RAST (Radioallergosorbent test) over skin testing?

Faster results Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of applying control drops during skin testing for allergies?

To produce a reaction similar to histamine's reaction Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken before skin testing for allergies?

Inform the patient of possible itching at one site post-testing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern that must be addressed during skin testing for allergies?

The risk of inducing systemic reactions like anaphylaxis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of VRE according to the text?

Prioritizing cleaning and disinfecting of the room Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Clostridium Difficile mentioned in the text?

Its spore is resistant to disinfectants Signup and view all the answers

What can make a person susceptible to Clostridium Difficile infection according to the text?

Age and antibiotic use Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the transmission of Clostridium Difficile?

It is resistant to alcohol-based hand disinfectants Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is recommended for managing a patient with Clostridium Difficile infection?

Monitor fluid and electrolyte levels closely Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of a patient with Clostridium Difficile infection as mentioned in the text?

Liquid stool with a distinct odor Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to clean surfaces with bleach in cases of Clostridium Difficile infection?

To prevent the spread of infection due to spore resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes one of the treatment options for Clostridium Difficile infection?

"Fecal transplant" is a common treatment approach Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by itching, burning, erythema, and skin lesions?

Type 4 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trigger for anaphylaxis in food allergies?

Eggs Signup and view all the answers

In Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction, which symptom involves edema of a deeper layer of skin?

Angioneurotic edema Signup and view all the answers

Which food item is NOT listed as a common offender in food allergies?

Berries Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective medical management approach for food allergies?

Avoidance Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skin disorder is mediated by T cells and caused by direct contact with a substance?

Contact Dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing intervention to manage contact dermatitis?

Wash skin Signup and view all the answers

Which skin disorder can lead to body image disturbance due to skin distortion and rashes?

Psoriasis Signup and view all the answers

What can trigger an allergic reaction in a sensitized patient upon re-exposure to a drug?

Skin eruptions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy

The posterior iliac crest is the preferred location for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy due to the absence of vital organs or vessels nearby.
Local anesthesia is given during bone marrow aspiration and biopsy to minimize discomfort.
The patient may feel a sharp pain or pressure as the needle goes into the bone during bone marrow aspiration and biopsy.
After a biopsy is performed, the needle should be left in place for a few seconds to allow for pressure to be applied to the biopsy site.

Herpes Zoster and Skin Disorders

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus requires nursing interventions such as applying cool, wet compresses to the affected eye, administering analgesics, and monitoring for signs of bacterial superinfection.
The characteristic manifestation during the acute eruptive phase of herpes zoster is a unilateral, painful, maculopapular rash that progresses to vesicles.
In psoriasis vulgaris, pruritic skin lesions are primarily found on the scalp, knees, elbows, and lower back.
Stress is a risk factor for exacerbation of psoriasis.
A key aspect of managing psoriasis is maintaining skin moisture and avoiding triggers that exacerbate the condition.

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is distinguished from Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) by the extent of skin detachment (less than 10% in SJS, more than 30% in TEN).
For a patient with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, a nursing action is to maintain a clean environment, provide emotional support, and monitor for infection.
The hallmark of Immune Complex Hypersensitivity Type 3 is the formation of immune complexes that activate the complement cascade.
Type 4 Hypersensitivity is mediated by T cells.
The main characteristic of Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions is the formation of immune complexes that activate the complement cascade.

Hypersensitivity and Immune Reactions

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) results from low levels of platelets because the body attacks its own platelets.
ITP is an example of Immune Complex Hypersensitivity Type 3.
A CBC is used to assess platelet count in the diagnostic evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions.
The Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) is an automated blood test performed on blood samples to determine sensitivity to various allergens.
The disadvantage of provocative testing in allergy assessment is the risk of anaphylaxis.
The main advantage of RAST over skin testing is that it can detect IgE antibodies against specific allergens.

Infections

The most effective way to prevent the spread of VRE is to practice good hand hygiene and maintain a clean environment.
A key characteristic of Clostridium Difficile mentioned in the text is its ability to form spores that can survive for months.
Taking antibiotics can make a person susceptible to Clostridium Difficile infection according to the text.
Clostridium Difficile can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route, contaminated surfaces, and contaminated healthcare workers' hands.
A nursing intervention for managing a patient with Clostridium Difficile infection is to maintain good hand hygiene and use contact precautions.
A common symptom of a patient with Clostridium Difficile infection is watery diarrhea.
Cleaning surfaces with bleach is important in cases of Clostridium Difficile infection because it can kill the spores.
A treatment option for Clostridium Difficile infection is metronidazole or vancomycin.

Allergies and Anaphylaxis

Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by itching, burning, erythema, and skin lesions.
A common trigger for anaphylaxis in food allergies is peanuts.
In Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction, angioedema involves edema of a deeper layer of skin.
Fish is not listed as a common offender in food allergies.
The most effective medical management approach for food allergies is avoidance of the offending food.
Contact dermatitis is a skin disorder mediated by T cells and caused by direct contact with a substance.
The primary nursing intervention to manage contact dermatitis is to identify and remove the offending substance.

Skin Disorders

Psoriasis can lead to body image disturbance due to skin distortion and rashes.
Medications can trigger an allergic reaction in a sensitized patient upon re-exposure to a drug.

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Description

This quiz covers the medical management of Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, including skin eruptions, urticaria, angioneurotic edema, and associated symptoms. Topics include identifying allergic reactions, treatment protocols, and referral procedures.