Type 1 Diabetes and Complications

<p>Hypoglycemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of ketone bodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inefficient protein synthesis and muscle loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated risk of hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and coma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor blood glucose levels closely before, during, and after exercise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive thirst and frequent urination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary hyperparathyroidism leading to accelerated bone resorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By permitting final oocyte maturation and release from the dominant follicle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Leydig cells of the testes, using cholesterol as a precursor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In theca cells, LH stimulation leads to the production of androstenedione and testosterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testosterone (T), which acts on sperm maturation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary hypothyroidism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T3 (Triiodothyronine) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of autoantibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amylin: increase glucose production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Leydig cells within the testes, using cholesterol as the precursor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In theca cells, LH stimulation produces androstenedione and testosterone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testosterone (T) (acting on sperm maturation). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in inadequate insulin production and subsequent hyperglycemia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary hypothyroidism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Her body's immune system has mistakenly attacked and destroyed the insulin-producing beta cells in her pancreas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ketone bodies are byproducts of fatty acid breakdown and, when produced in excess, can lead to metabolic acidosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of autoantibodies targeting pancreatic beta cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulate protein synthesis from amino acids in skeletal muscle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased insulin sensitivity due to exercise leads to excessive glucose uptake by cells, causing hypoglycemia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of insulin impairs the transport of glucose into muscle cells, limiting the availability of fuel for energy production. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skipping insulin doses can lead to rapid and life-threatening complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and coma. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tingling or numbness around the mouth and in the fingers and toes, along with muscle spasms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An autoimmune disease where the pancreas produces little to no insulin.

Symptoms include weight loss, fatigue, frequent urination, and fruity breath.

A serious complication of diabetes where the body produces excess ketones leading to acidosis.

A condition where cells in the body don't respond properly to insulin.

Symptoms of low blood sugar include pale skin, sweating, and rapid heartbeat.

Clusters of cells in the pancreas that include insulin-producing beta cells.

A condition where the immune system attacks the body's own cells, like in Type 1 Diabetes.

Exercise increases glucose uptake by cells, which can lower blood sugar levels.

Adequate calcium intake and Vitamin D supplementation can help prevent osteoporosis.

Signs include fatigue, muscle pain, excessive thirst, frequent urination, and spasms.

Primary hyperparathyroidism leads to accelerated bone resorption and decreased bone formation.

The LH surge triggers ovulation by allowing oocyte release from the dominant follicle.

Follicles consist of granulosa cells, theca cells, and an egg (ova).

T3 is the most potent thyroid hormone, while T4 is produced in greater quantity.

Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation.

Insulin increases glucose uptake for glycogen synthesis and triglyceride storage in the liver.

Type 1 diabetes features gradual onset and presence of autoantibodies.

High TSH and low T4 and T3 indicate primary hypothyroidism.

Common symptoms include weight loss, fatigue, and fruity breath.

An autoimmune disorder that attacks beta cells in the pancreas.

A complication where excessive ketone production leads to metabolic acidosis.

Symptoms include pale skin, sweating, and rapid heartbeat during low blood sugar.

Exercise increases glucose uptake into cells, lowering blood sugar levels.

Signs include excessive thirst, fatigue, and frequent urination.

Increased calcium intake can prevent osteoporosis and strengthen bones.

Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

Involves primary hyperparathyroidism causing bone loss and decreased formation.

Triggers ovulation by promoting oocyte release from the dominant follicle.

Inhibin negatively regulates FSH and LH to maintain hormonal balance.

Testosterone is crucial for sperm maturation; others support it.

Granulosa cells convert androgens to estrogens via aromatase.

Gradual onset and presence of autoantibodies, unlike Type 2.

TRH, TSH, T3, and T4 regulate metabolism; T3 is most active.

Cells that build bone and promote bone formation.

Insulin promotes glucose uptake for glycogen synthesis and triglyceride storage.