Patho 6- Diabetes
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the correct half-life of insulin?

  • 1 hour
  • 30 minutes
  • 5 minutes (correct)
  • 1 minute

What triggers the fusion of insulin-containing secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane?

  • ATP
  • Glucose
  • Insulin
  • Calcium (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a function of insulin?

  • Glycogen formation in liver and skeletal muscle
  • Glucose transformation to triglycerides
  • Transport glucose and amino acids
  • Nucleic acid synthesis (correct)

Which of the following is NOT dependent on insulin for glucose uptake?

<p>Brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of diabetes?

<p>A group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered pancreatic diabetes?

<p>Oskar Minkowski (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two molecules connected by dipeptide links in insulin?

<p>Insulin and C-peptide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Decreased insulin secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main defect in Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Insulin resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which autoantibodies are commonly detected in Type 1 diabetes?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of environmental factors in the development of Type 1 diabetes?

<p>They precipitate autoimmune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Premature destruction of beta cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary defect in beta cells in Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Decreased insulin secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 2 diabetes, but not Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Obesity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?

<p>Two-hour plasma glucose level of 180 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test is considered diagnostic for diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for blood glucose levels?

<p>100 to 140 mg/dL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Lack of insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of diabetes?

<p>Type 2 diabetes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic criteria for prediabetes based on HbA1c level?

<p>HbA1c level of 6.0% to 6.4% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic abnormalities in diabetes?

<p>Insulin deficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States?

<p>Type 2 diabetes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major metabolic effect of insulin?

<p>Stimulates glucose uptake into muscle and adipose cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of insulin deficiency?

<p>Ketoacidosis and production of ketone bodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the non-enzymatic reaction between glucose derived cellular elements and amino groups on proteins called?

<p>Formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of disturbance of polyol pathways in non-insulin dependent tissues?

<p>Osmotic effects and increases extracellular matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the non-enzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin indicate?

<p>Irreversible glycated hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major metabolic effects of insulin in muscle?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of insulin deficiency in terms of muscle?

<p>Muscle wasting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reliable indicator of high glucose levels in the presence of hemoglobin?

<p>Non-enzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is HbA1c not a reliable indicator of high glucose levels?

<p>When the average RBC lifespan is significantly shorter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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