Patho 6- Diabetes
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the correct half-life of insulin?

  • 1 hour
  • 30 minutes
  • 5 minutes (correct)
  • 1 minute

    • What triggers the fusion of insulin-containing secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane?

  • ATP
  • Glucose
  • Insulin
  • Calcium (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a function of insulin?

  • Glycogen formation in liver and skeletal muscle
  • Glucose transformation to triglycerides
  • Transport glucose and amino acids
  • Nucleic acid synthesis (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT dependent on insulin for glucose uptake?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of diabetes?

    <p>A group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered pancreatic diabetes?

    <p>Oskar Minkowski</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two molecules connected by dipeptide links in insulin?

    <p>Insulin and C-peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Decreased insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main defect in Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoantibodies are commonly detected in Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of environmental factors in the development of Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>They precipitate autoimmune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Premature destruction of beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary defect in beta cells in Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Decreased insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 2 diabetes, but not Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?

    <p>Two-hour plasma glucose level of 180 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test is considered diagnostic for diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for blood glucose levels?

    <p>100 to 140 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Lack of insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of diabetes?

    <p>Type 2 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criteria for prediabetes based on HbA1c level?

    <p>HbA1c level of 6.0% to 6.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic abnormalities in diabetes?

    <p>Insulin deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States?

    <p>Type 2 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major metabolic effect of insulin?

    <p>Stimulates glucose uptake into muscle and adipose cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of insulin deficiency?

    <p>Ketoacidosis and production of ketone bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the non-enzymatic reaction between glucose derived cellular elements and amino groups on proteins called?

    <p>Formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of disturbance of polyol pathways in non-insulin dependent tissues?

    <p>Osmotic effects and increases extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the non-enzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin indicate?

    <p>Irreversible glycated hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major metabolic effects of insulin in muscle?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of insulin deficiency in terms of muscle?

    <p>Muscle wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reliable indicator of high glucose levels in the presence of hemoglobin?

    <p>Non-enzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is HbA1c not a reliable indicator of high glucose levels?

    <p>When the average RBC lifespan is significantly shorter</p> Signup and view all the answers

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