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Questions and Answers
What is the pattern of inheritance for inborn errors of metabolism, such as Tay-Sachs disease?
What is the pattern of inheritance for inborn errors of metabolism, such as Tay-Sachs disease?
What is a consequence of inadequate insulin secretion in the body?
What is a consequence of inadequate insulin secretion in the body?
What distinguishes type 1 diabetes mellitus from other types of diabetes?
What distinguishes type 1 diabetes mellitus from other types of diabetes?
If a child receives regular and NPH insulin at 8:00 AM but breakfast has not yet arrived, what is the best immediate action?
If a child receives regular and NPH insulin at 8:00 AM but breakfast has not yet arrived, what is the best immediate action?
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Which characteristic is true for Xeroderma Pigmentosum in terms of inheritance?
Which characteristic is true for Xeroderma Pigmentosum in terms of inheritance?
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What is the most accurate understanding of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
What is the most accurate understanding of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
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What is likely to happen when there is an insulin deficiency in the body?
What is likely to happen when there is an insulin deficiency in the body?
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In a medical scenario, if a patient has a persistent high blood sugar after insulin administration, what should be suspected?
In a medical scenario, if a patient has a persistent high blood sugar after insulin administration, what should be suspected?
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What symptom is typically associated with ketoacidosis?
What symptom is typically associated with ketoacidosis?
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Why are children more prone to insulin reactions compared to adults?
Why are children more prone to insulin reactions compared to adults?
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What is the recommended time frame for changing insulin pump tubing?
What is the recommended time frame for changing insulin pump tubing?
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What fasting blood glucose level indicates the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?
What fasting blood glucose level indicates the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?
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What does a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test measure?
What does a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test measure?
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What risk is associated with long-acting insulin administration in children during sleep?
What risk is associated with long-acting insulin administration in children during sleep?
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What is a common sign of dehydration related to ketoacidosis?
What is a common sign of dehydration related to ketoacidosis?
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Which of the following is a laboratory value commonly seen in ketoacidosis?
Which of the following is a laboratory value commonly seen in ketoacidosis?
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Which factor contributes to the unstable condition of diabetes in children?
Which factor contributes to the unstable condition of diabetes in children?
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What type of therapy is used to manage children with diabetes who may not respond well to traditional insulin regimens?
What type of therapy is used to manage children with diabetes who may not respond well to traditional insulin regimens?
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What is the most immediate treatment for hypoglycemia?
What is the most immediate treatment for hypoglycemia?
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Why should the side of the finger be used for blood testing in children?
Why should the side of the finger be used for blood testing in children?
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What is the primary function of an insulin pump?
What is the primary function of an insulin pump?
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Which type of insulin is classified as long-acting?
Which type of insulin is classified as long-acting?
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Which chromosomes are associated with diabetes in children?
Which chromosomes are associated with diabetes in children?
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Which foods are known to be high in soluble fiber?
Which foods are known to be high in soluble fiber?
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What does soluble fiber help reduce in individuals with diabetes?
What does soluble fiber help reduce in individuals with diabetes?
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Which processes are primarily controlled by the endocrine system?
Which processes are primarily controlled by the endocrine system?
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What symptom might indicate an overdose of levothyroxine in a child?
What symptom might indicate an overdose of levothyroxine in a child?
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Which factor most complicates diabetes management in adolescents?
Which factor most complicates diabetes management in adolescents?
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During an illness, which symptoms may indicate the risk of ketoacidosis in a child with diabetes?
During an illness, which symptoms may indicate the risk of ketoacidosis in a child with diabetes?
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Which factor has no impact on diabetes management in adolescents?
Which factor has no impact on diabetes management in adolescents?
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Which dietary component does soluble fiber significantly affect?
Which dietary component does soluble fiber significantly affect?
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Which action is essential when treating a child with hypoglycemia?
Which action is essential when treating a child with hypoglycemia?
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What does a glycosylated hemoglobin level between 6% and 9% indicate?
What does a glycosylated hemoglobin level between 6% and 9% indicate?
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In which phenomenon does rebound hyperglycemia occur due to the body's counter-regulatory hormones being released?
In which phenomenon does rebound hyperglycemia occur due to the body's counter-regulatory hormones being released?
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What precaution should a nurse advise a woman concerned about having a child with Tay-Sachs disease?
What precaution should a nurse advise a woman concerned about having a child with Tay-Sachs disease?
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Which statement indicates correct administration of levothyroxine (Synthroid) by a parent?
Which statement indicates correct administration of levothyroxine (Synthroid) by a parent?
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After a closed head injury, which condition is suspected in a child who excretes copious amounts of pale urine?
After a closed head injury, which condition is suspected in a child who excretes copious amounts of pale urine?
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What symptom should parents be vigilant for regarding water intoxication in a child with diabetes insipidus?
What symptom should parents be vigilant for regarding water intoxication in a child with diabetes insipidus?
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Which type of diabetes is characterized by the body's resistance to insulin?
Which type of diabetes is characterized by the body's resistance to insulin?
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When teaching a 12-year-old to administer insulin, what should the nurse instruct them to do?
When teaching a 12-year-old to administer insulin, what should the nurse instruct them to do?
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What behavior demonstrates the understanding of treatment for hypoglycemia by an adolescent?
What behavior demonstrates the understanding of treatment for hypoglycemia by an adolescent?
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What lab finding indicates that a patient has poor metabolic control?
What lab finding indicates that a patient has poor metabolic control?
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Which of the following describes the primary characteristic of the Honeymoon effect?
Which of the following describes the primary characteristic of the Honeymoon effect?
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What is the primary symptom of ketoacidosis in children?
What is the primary symptom of ketoacidosis in children?
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Which is a key symptom distinguishing diabetes insipidus from diabetes mellitus?
Which is a key symptom distinguishing diabetes insipidus from diabetes mellitus?
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What is the recommended course of action when a child with diabetes insipidus shows signs of dehydration?
What is the recommended course of action when a child with diabetes insipidus shows signs of dehydration?
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What is the most immediate action the nurse should take for a child with type 1 diabetes who is hungry and drowsy after receiving insulin?
What is the most immediate action the nurse should take for a child with type 1 diabetes who is hungry and drowsy after receiving insulin?
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Which statement suggests that a school-age child needs more education about managing diabetes during exercise?
Which statement suggests that a school-age child needs more education about managing diabetes during exercise?
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Which statement indicates that a child with type 1 diabetes needs additional teaching regarding insulin?
Which statement indicates that a child with type 1 diabetes needs additional teaching regarding insulin?
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What dietary approach should a nurse emphasize to a child with type 1 diabetes?
What dietary approach should a nurse emphasize to a child with type 1 diabetes?
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If a child with diabetes presents with flushed skin, drowsiness, and a dry tongue, what condition is most likely?
If a child with diabetes presents with flushed skin, drowsiness, and a dry tongue, what condition is most likely?
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The lethargy and sleeping 18 hours a day exhibited by a 4-month-old infant suggest which condition?
The lethargy and sleeping 18 hours a day exhibited by a 4-month-old infant suggest which condition?
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What key consideration should be made for a school-age child on DDAVP for diabetes insipidus?
What key consideration should be made for a school-age child on DDAVP for diabetes insipidus?
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Which laboratory result indicates poor metabolic control for a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Which laboratory result indicates poor metabolic control for a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
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When managing a child with diabetes, which should be prioritized if the child is exhibiting signs of hypoglycemia?
When managing a child with diabetes, which should be prioritized if the child is exhibiting signs of hypoglycemia?
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What symptom suggests a child might be experiencing ketoacidosis?
What symptom suggests a child might be experiencing ketoacidosis?
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What should a child with diabetes be taught regarding meal timing and physical activities?
What should a child with diabetes be taught regarding meal timing and physical activities?
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When a mother reports her child is tiring easily and often has dry skin, what is a likely concern?
When a mother reports her child is tiring easily and often has dry skin, what is a likely concern?
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Which is the least appropriate snack for a child with diabetes before exercise?
Which is the least appropriate snack for a child with diabetes before exercise?
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If a child is experiencing complications from uncontrolled diabetes, what is a mainly observed finding?
If a child is experiencing complications from uncontrolled diabetes, what is a mainly observed finding?
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Study Notes
Inheritance Patterns of Inborn Errors of Metabolism
- Typically autosomal recessive.
Inadequate Insulin Secretion
- Results in increased fat breakdown, leading to ketonemia (elevated ketone bodies in the blood).
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin.
- Insulin production is insufficient.
- Insulin deficiency is not related to another disease.
- Oral hypoglycemic agents do not control it.
Insulin Reaction Prevention in Children
- If food isn't taken within 20 minutes of regular insulin administration, an insulin reaction (hypoglycemia) can occur.
- Provide graham crackers and milk as a snack to prevent a hypoglycemic episode.
Hyperglycemia in Children with Type 1 Diabetes
- Immediate treatment involves giving orange juice to raise blood glucose levels.
- Walking exercise will use up more glucose, and more insulin would worsen the condition.
- Treatment is increasing insulin levels.
Diabetic Education for School-Age Children
- Skipping breakfast before exercise could result in hypoglycemia.
- Children should carry emergency money for unexpected events, including exercise after dinner.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Instruction for a 7-Year-Old
- Insulin is required as the pancreas is not functioning effectively to produce insulin on its own.
Dietary Measures for Type 1 Diabetes
- Focus on complex carbohydrates and foods containing high fiber for the nutritional requirements of diabetic children (same as non-diabetic children)
- Reduce consumption of concentrated carbohydrates such as sugar.
- Fiber reduces blood glucose levels.
Ketoacidosis Symptoms in Children
- Children with ketoacidosis will likely present with dry skin, flushed face, perspiration, restlessness, and rapid breathing (no rest between breaths).
Hypothyroidism Symptoms in Infants
- Infants with hypothyroidism exhibit lethargy, 18-hour sleep patterns, and snoring.
- Enlarged tongues can cause noisy respiration.
Diabetes Insipidus Considerations in School-Age Children
- Ensure the child has easy access to restrooms and water.
- Arrange for the child to use the restroom as needed.
Metabolic Control for Type 1 Diabetes
- Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values between 6%-9% indicate good metabolic control.
- Low fasting blood glucose level (less than 140 mg/dL) suggests good metabolic control.
- Absence of glucose and ketones in urine shows good control.
Somogyi Phenomenon
- Rebound hyperglycemia caused by the body's counter-regulatory hormones being released due to very low blood glucose.
Tay-Sachs Disease Genetic Screening
- Genetic screening can identify carriers of the gene for Tay-Sachs disease.
- Tay-Sachs is autosomal recessive.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) Administration
- Administer at the same time daily, preferably in the morning.
Diabetes Insipidus (after head injury)
- Causes copious pale urine output, leading to a drop in blood pressure.
- Dehydration can occur rapidly.
Water Intoxication Symptoms
- Symptoms include edema, lethargy, nausea, and central nervous system signs.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Characterized by insulin resistance.
- The body is unable to use insulin efficiently.
Insulin Administration Techniques
- Inject at a 90 degree angle.
Adolescent Understanding of Hypoglycemia
- Eating sugar is the most immediate treatment for hypoglycemia
- Avoid using insulin when blood sugar is low.
Blood Glucose Testing Technique
- Test using the sides of fingers to prevent using the nerve-rich fingertip, for less discomfort to the child (fewer nerve endings).
Insulin Pump Function
- Continuous insulin infusion.
Long-Acting Insulin
- Insulin glargine.
Chromosomal Defects Linked to Diabetes
- Chromosomes 6, 7, 12, and 20 are associated with diabetes.
High-Soluble Fiber Foods
- Raw fruits, beans, and bran cereal.
Soluble Fiber Benefits
- Reduces blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and sugar absorption.
- Reduces insulin requirements.
- Not linked to infection rate.
Endocrine System Functions
- Controls maturation, reproduction, stress response, and growth.
- Does not control sexual identity.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) Overdose Symptoms
- Tachycardia.
- Irritability.
- Diaphoresis.
Adolescent Diabetes Challenges
- Hormonal changes.
- Developmental conflicts.
- Preference for fast food.
- Growth spurts.
Ketoacidosis Signs in Children with Cold Symptoms
- Fruity breath.
- Nausea.
Insulin Reaction Proneness in Children
- Instability of the condition in younger children.
- Irregular activities.
- Growth patterns.
Insulin Pump Tubing Change Frequency
- Every 48 hours.
Diabetes Diagnosis Criteria
- Fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL on two separate occasions.
- History indicating the disease.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Test Evaluation
- Measures average glucose levels over 3-4 months.
Long-Acting Insulin Precautions
- Danger of hypoglycemia.
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Description
Explore the key concepts related to managing Type 1 Diabetes in children, including insulin treatment, prevention of insulin reactions, and dietary interventions. This quiz covers inheritance patterns of metabolic errors and immediate actions for hyperglycemia. Enhance your understanding of diabetic education specifically designed for school-aged children.
