Type 1 Diabetes: Hereditary Lack of Insulin

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the most common diagnostic tool used for diabetes?

  • Measurement of HbA1C
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) test
  • Fasting blood glucose (FBG) test (correct)
  • Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

What is the main drawback of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) mentioned in the text?

  • It does not provide information about long-term glucose control.
  • It is not suitable for pregnant women with a history of big babies.
  • It is more expensive than the fasting blood glucose test.
  • It gives many false-positive results due to stress-induced epinephrine release. (correct)

What is the reference range for HbA1C in normal individuals?

  • 8.5%
  • ≥ 126 mg/dl
  • ≥ 200 mg/dl
  • 5.1-6.3% (correct)

Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for diabetes according to the text?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common complication of type 1 diabetes?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Genetic predisposition and autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the measurement of HbA1C considered a good indicator of long-term glucose control?

<p>HbA1C levels remain stable for the lifespan of red blood cells, which is around 3 months. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people are affected by Type 1 diabetes?

<p>5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is insulitis?

<p>Infiltration of activated T lymphocytes in pancreatic cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point do symptoms of Type 1 diabetes appear?

<p>When 80-90% of beta cells are destroyed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the destruction of beta cells in Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Genetic determinant and environmental stimulus like viral infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is insulin therapy required in Type 1 diabetes?

<p>To restore metabolic control and prevent ketoacidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of type 1 diabetes?

<p>Blurred vision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme would be more active in diabetic patients?

<p>Hormone-sensitive lipase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of insulin deficiency in lipid metabolism?

<p>Increased triglyceride breakdown (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes type 1 diabetes?

<p>An autoimmune disease that attacks the beta cells of the pancreas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes patients?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should type 1 diabetes patients do to prevent hypoglycemia during exercise?

<p>Check blood glucose levels before and after intensive exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes?

<p>Replacing fluid and electrolytes, followed by low-dose insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to fasting, which of the following is a key metabolic difference in type 1 diabetes?

<p>Absence of insulin in the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ketosis is true in type 1 diabetes compared to fasting?

<p>Ketosis is more severe in type 1 diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for hypertriacylglycerolemia in type 1 diabetes?

<p>Increased hepatic synthesis of triacylglycerols due to high free fatty acid levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes compared to fasting?

<p>Blood glucose levels are higher in type 1 diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of managing Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Insulin replacement through lifelong insulin injections or insulin pump (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is close management and daily care essential for individuals with type 1 diabetes?

<p>Because it is a life-threatening condition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if blood glucose levels are too high in Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Hyperglycemia or ketoacidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of managing Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Taking oral diabetes medications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication of intensive insulin therapy in Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Hypoglycemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compensatory mechanism is impaired in patients with Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Glucagon secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about managing Type 1 diabetes is TRUE?

<p>Keeping blood glucose levels at the optimum range requires balancing diet, exercise, and medication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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