Chein et al
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Questions and Answers

Based on the study mentioned, which group showed greater activation in reward-related brain regions during peer observation blocks?

  • Young adults
  • All groups showed equal activation
  • Adults
  • Adolescents (correct)
  • According to the study, which brain areas were less strongly recruited by adolescents compared to adults?

  • Brain areas associated with memory
  • Brain areas associated with decision-making
  • Brain areas associated with cognitive control (correct)
  • Brain areas associated with reward processing
  • What did the study suggest about the presence of peers and adolescent risk-taking?

  • The study did not provide any suggestions about the presence of peers and adolescent risk-taking
  • The presence of peers increases adolescent risk-taking (correct)
  • The presence of peers has no effect on adolescent risk-taking
  • The presence of peers decreases adolescent risk-taking
  • Which behavior is adolescents more likely to engage in compared to adults and children?

    <p>Binge drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the hallmarks of adolescent risk taking?

    <p>It occurs more frequently in the presence of peers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain systems contribute to decision-making in adolescents?

    <p>Incentive processing system and cognitive control system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What undergoes considerable modification during adolescence?

    <p>Both the incentive processing system and the cognitive control system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure significantly predicted risky driving in the Stoplight task?

    <p>Sensation seeking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the fMRI results focus on in subsequent planned analyses?

    <p>Both regions showing a main effect of age and an age by social context interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region exhibited a significant main effect of age?

    <p>L Middle Frontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region showed an interaction of age and social context?

    <p>LPFC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what did participants have to decide at each intersection in the Stoplight driving game?

    <p>Whether to brake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of successfully running the traffic light without braking in the Stoplight driving game?

    <p>No delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened if a participant did not brake and a crash occurred in the Stoplight driving game?

    <p>Greater loss of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was risk-taking encouraged in the Stoplight driving game?

    <p>By offering monetary incentives for completing the course quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale was used to assess individual differences in impulsivity?

    <p>Barratt Impulsiveness Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale was used to assess sensation seeking?

    <p>Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale was used to assess resistance to peer influence?

    <p>Resistance to Peer Influence Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of imaging technique was used for data acquisition?

    <p>fMRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain pathway is implicated in the valuation and prediction of potential rewards?

    <p>Incentive processing pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain regions show heightened activation during adolescence in response to reward-relevant cues and reward anticipation?

    <p>Regions in the incentive processing system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain systems undergo gradual and protracted maturation from preadolescence through at least the mid-20s?

    <p>Cognitive control system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed explanation for adolescents' heightened propensity to take risks when with peers?

    <p>Elevated reward value of peer interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which statistical analysis was used in the study?

    <p>Repeated measures ANOVA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the additional planned, pair-wise contrasts?

    <p>To clarify differences driving significant effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main finding regarding behavioral sensitivity to social context?

    <p>Adolescents took significantly more risks when observed by peers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main finding regarding Stoplight task performance and self-reported sensation seeking?

    <p>Stoplight task performance was significantly predicted by self-reported sensation seeking</p> Signup and view all the answers

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