Chein et al

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Questions and Answers

Based on the study mentioned, which group showed greater activation in reward-related brain regions during peer observation blocks?

  • Young adults
  • All groups showed equal activation
  • Adults
  • Adolescents (correct)

According to the study, which brain areas were less strongly recruited by adolescents compared to adults?

  • Brain areas associated with memory
  • Brain areas associated with decision-making
  • Brain areas associated with cognitive control (correct)
  • Brain areas associated with reward processing

What did the study suggest about the presence of peers and adolescent risk-taking?

  • The study did not provide any suggestions about the presence of peers and adolescent risk-taking
  • The presence of peers increases adolescent risk-taking (correct)
  • The presence of peers has no effect on adolescent risk-taking
  • The presence of peers decreases adolescent risk-taking

Which behavior is adolescents more likely to engage in compared to adults and children?

<p>Binge drinking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the hallmarks of adolescent risk taking?

<p>It occurs more frequently in the presence of peers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain systems contribute to decision-making in adolescents?

<p>Incentive processing system and cognitive control system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What undergoes considerable modification during adolescence?

<p>Both the incentive processing system and the cognitive control system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which measure significantly predicted risky driving in the Stoplight task?

<p>Sensation seeking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the fMRI results focus on in subsequent planned analyses?

<p>Both regions showing a main effect of age and an age by social context interaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region exhibited a significant main effect of age?

<p>L Middle Frontal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region showed an interaction of age and social context?

<p>LPFC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what did participants have to decide at each intersection in the Stoplight driving game?

<p>Whether to brake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of successfully running the traffic light without braking in the Stoplight driving game?

<p>No delay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened if a participant did not brake and a crash occurred in the Stoplight driving game?

<p>Greater loss of time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was risk-taking encouraged in the Stoplight driving game?

<p>By offering monetary incentives for completing the course quickly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scale was used to assess individual differences in impulsivity?

<p>Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scale was used to assess sensation seeking?

<p>Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scale was used to assess resistance to peer influence?

<p>Resistance to Peer Influence Scale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of imaging technique was used for data acquisition?

<p>fMRI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain pathway is implicated in the valuation and prediction of potential rewards?

<p>Incentive processing pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What brain regions show heightened activation during adolescence in response to reward-relevant cues and reward anticipation?

<p>Regions in the incentive processing system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain systems undergo gradual and protracted maturation from preadolescence through at least the mid-20s?

<p>Cognitive control system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed explanation for adolescents' heightened propensity to take risks when with peers?

<p>Elevated reward value of peer interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which statistical analysis was used in the study?

<p>Repeated measures ANOVA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the additional planned, pair-wise contrasts?

<p>To clarify differences driving significant effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main finding regarding behavioral sensitivity to social context?

<p>Adolescents took significantly more risks when observed by peers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main finding regarding Stoplight task performance and self-reported sensation seeking?

<p>Stoplight task performance was significantly predicted by self-reported sensation seeking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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