Chein et al

Based on the study mentioned, which group showed greater activation in reward-related brain regions during peer observation blocks?

Young adults

All groups showed equal activation

Adults

Adolescents (correct)

According to the study, which brain areas were less strongly recruited by adolescents compared to adults?

Brain areas associated with memory

Brain areas associated with decision-making

Brain areas associated with cognitive control (correct)

Brain areas associated with reward processing

What did the study suggest about the presence of peers and adolescent risk-taking?

The study did not provide any suggestions about the presence of peers and adolescent risk-taking

The presence of peers increases adolescent risk-taking (correct)

The presence of peers has no effect on adolescent risk-taking

The presence of peers decreases adolescent risk-taking

Which behavior is adolescents more likely to engage in compared to adults and children?

Binge drinking Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the hallmarks of adolescent risk taking?

It occurs more frequently in the presence of peers Signup and view all the answers

Which brain systems contribute to decision-making in adolescents?

Incentive processing system and cognitive control system Signup and view all the answers

What undergoes considerable modification during adolescence?

Both the incentive processing system and the cognitive control system Signup and view all the answers

Which measure significantly predicted risky driving in the Stoplight task?

Sensation seeking Signup and view all the answers

What did the fMRI results focus on in subsequent planned analyses?

Both regions showing a main effect of age and an age by social context interaction Signup and view all the answers

Which region exhibited a significant main effect of age?

L Middle Frontal Signup and view all the answers

Which region showed an interaction of age and social context?

LPFC Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what did participants have to decide at each intersection in the Stoplight driving game?

Whether to brake Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of successfully running the traffic light without braking in the Stoplight driving game?

No delay Signup and view all the answers

What happened if a participant did not brake and a crash occurred in the Stoplight driving game?

Greater loss of time Signup and view all the answers

How was risk-taking encouraged in the Stoplight driving game?

By offering monetary incentives for completing the course quickly Signup and view all the answers

Which scale was used to assess individual differences in impulsivity?

Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Signup and view all the answers

Which scale was used to assess sensation seeking?

Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale Signup and view all the answers

Which scale was used to assess resistance to peer influence?

Resistance to Peer Influence Scale Signup and view all the answers

What type of imaging technique was used for data acquisition?

fMRI Signup and view all the answers

Which brain pathway is implicated in the valuation and prediction of potential rewards?

Incentive processing pathway Signup and view all the answers

What brain regions show heightened activation during adolescence in response to reward-relevant cues and reward anticipation?

Regions in the incentive processing system Signup and view all the answers

Which brain systems undergo gradual and protracted maturation from preadolescence through at least the mid-20s?

Cognitive control system Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed explanation for adolescents' heightened propensity to take risks when with peers?

Elevated reward value of peer interactions Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, which statistical analysis was used in the study?

Repeated measures ANOVA Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the additional planned, pair-wise contrasts?

To clarify differences driving significant effects Signup and view all the answers

What was the main finding regarding behavioral sensitivity to social context?

Adolescents took significantly more risks when observed by peers Signup and view all the answers

What was the main finding regarding Stoplight task performance and self-reported sensation seeking?

Stoplight task performance was significantly predicted by self-reported sensation seeking Signup and view all the answers