Principles of Bone Healing
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Questions and Answers

During which phase of bone healing does the formation of a blood clot occur?

  • Inflammatory phase (correct)
  • Restorative phase
  • Remodeling phase
  • None of the above

    • What is the main function of phagocytes during bone healing?

  • To repair damaged osteocytes
  • To form a soft callus
  • To clean the site of necrotic tissue (correct)
  • To promote neovascularization

    • What can happen if the haematoma formed during bone healing breaks out into surrounding tissues?

  • Compartmental syndrome
  • Hypovolaemic shock
  • Excessive blood loss
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which phase of bone healing is characterized by the formation of a soft callus?

    <p>Restorative phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the restorative phase in bone healing?

    <p>To begin remodeling the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the restorative soft callus phase, the callus that forms is similar to which type of tissue?

    <p>Hypercellular fibrocartilaginous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point does the bony callus formation typically occur?

    <p>Around two weeks after the fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the remodelling phase dependent on?

    <p>The physiological requirements of the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of healing is characterized by direct bone formation at the fracture line without significant creation of bone callus?

    <p>First intention healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of the restorative hard callus phase?

    <p>6 weeks to 12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is necessary for first intention healing to occur?

    <p>Immediate stabilisation of the fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surgical procedure for achieving first intention healing?

    <p>Application of osteosynthesis systems that compress the fracture lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances does second intention healing occur?

    <p>Late treatment of the fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a fracture that undergoes second intention healing?

    <p>Poor blood supply and unstable repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of remodelling in fracture repair?

    <p>To stabilize the fracture site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of the restorative soft callus phase?

    <p>4 days to 3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the newly formed cartilage of the soft callus tissue is substituted by bony tissue?

    <p>Endochondral ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the bony callus formation typically occur?

    <p>2 weeks after the fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteoclasts during the remodelling phase?

    <p>Resorption of bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of healing by first intention?

    <p>Direct bone formation at the fracture line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of healing is more frequent in nature?

    <p>Second intention healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of bone healing does the formation of a blood clot occur?

    <p>Inflammatory phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the restorative soft callus phase?

    <p>Formation of a soft callus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phagocytes during bone healing?

    <p>Clearance of necrotic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if the haematoma formed during bone healing breaks out into surrounding tissues?

    <p>Excessive blood loss and hypovolaemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of bone healing is characterized by the lysis of osteocytes and damage to soft tissues?

    <p>Inflammatory phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the haematoma in bone healing?

    <p>Neovascularization to the fracture site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is necessary for first intention healing to occur?

    <p>Absence of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of remodelling in fracture repair?

    <p>To restore bone to its original shape and strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a fracture that undergoes second intention healing?

    <p>Poor blood supply to the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surgical procedure for achieving first intention healing?

    <p>Fixation with a dynamic compression plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of bone healing does the formation of a soft callus occur?

    <p>Restorative soft callus phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of phagocytes during bone healing?

    <p>To remove debris and dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of the restorative hard callus phase?

    <p>Varies depending on the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of bone healing does bony union of the callous occur?

    <p>Restorative hard callus phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of bone healing does the formation of a blood clot occur?

    <p>Inflammatory phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of phagocytes during bone healing?

    <p>To clean the site and remove necrotic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if the haematoma formed during bone healing breaks out into surrounding tissues?

    <p>Excessive blood loss and hypovolaemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the restorative soft callus phase, what type of tissue does the callus that forms resemble?

    <p>Hyper cellular fibrocartilaginous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of the restorative hard callus phase?

    <p>12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteoclasts during the remodelling phase of bone healing?

    <p>Bone remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is necessary for first intention healing to occur?

    <p>Immediate stabilisation of the fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a fracture that undergoes second intention healing?

    <p>Late treatment and poor blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of bone healing does the formation of a soft callus occur?

    <p>Restorative soft callus phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of remodelling in fracture repair?

    <p>To restore normal bone structure and strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ can lead to excessive blood loss and hypovolaemic shock.

    <p>Compartmental syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The restorative phase is characterized by the formation of ______.

    <p>Soft callus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inflammatory phase is related to the ______ that has just occurred.

    <p>Actual damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the end of the process - the ends of the ______ are enveloped by fusiformis known as a callus – similar to scars found on skin after healing by secondary intention

    <p>bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The restorative soft callus phase is characterized by the formation of a relatively soft callus that resembles hyper cellular ______ tissue.

    <p>fibrocartilaginous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the remodelling phase, the bony hard callus will start to ______, depending on the function of the limb and how the fracture is set.

    <p>remodel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ is a fracture in the femur - you can see that there is a proximal distal fracture. We can fix this with a dynamic compression plate as seen in the second image.

    <p>This</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During first intention healing, it is important ______ is maintained and not excessively damaged - especially the interosseous supply.

    <p>the blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Second intention healing is produced when ______ occur: • Late treatment – hasn't been managed early on - may already have soft callus formation occurring

    <p>the following circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Once it has produced a hard callus and stabilise the site then we see ______.

    <p>remodelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

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