11 Questions
Which type of twins are more similar for most traits, according to the classical twin design?
Identical twins
What do modern twin studies conclude about the influence of genetic differences on studied traits?
Only some traits show a stronger influence from genetic differences
Who was the first to commission a medical study using identical twins?
Gustav III
Who conducted the first study using psychological tests on twins?
Edward Thorndike
According to the study conducted by Darrick Antell and Eva Taczanowski, what was the conclusion about the influence of genetics and lifestyle choices on physical aging?
Genetic influences on aging are highly overrated
What is the basis for the design of twin studies?
Equal environments for identical and fraternal twins
What does the ACE model in twin studies indicate?
The proportion of variance in a trait that is heritable
How can the additive genetic effect (A) be calculated in twin studies?
A = 2 (rmz − rdz)
Identical twins share essentially 100% of their genes, while fraternal twins share only about 50% of their genes.
True
Twin studies are considered a key tool in which field?
Behavioral genetics
What does the presence of discordance in a pair of identical twins indicate?
Environmental effects on a genetic or phenotypic trait
Study Notes
Twin Studies
- Identical twins are more similar for most traits, according to the classical twin design.
Genetic Influence on Traits
- Modern twin studies conclude that genetic differences have a significant influence on studied traits.
History of Twin Studies
- The first to commission a medical study using identical twins was unknown (information not provided).
- The first to conduct a study using psychological tests on twins was unknown (information not provided).
Genetics and Lifestyle Choices on Physical Aging
- According to Darrick Antell and Eva Taczanowski's study, genetics and lifestyle choices both contribute to physical aging.
Basis of Twin Studies Design
- The basis of twin studies design is the comparison of similarities and differences between identical and fraternal twins.
ACE Model in Twin Studies
- The ACE model indicates that the variation in a trait can be attributed to three components: additive genetic (A), common environmental (C), and unique environmental (E) factors.
Additive Genetic Effect (A) Calculation
- The additive genetic effect (A) can be calculated by comparing the similarities and differences between identical and fraternal twins.
Twin Types and Genetic Similarity
- Identical twins share essentially 100% of their genes, while fraternal twins share only about 50% of their genes on average.
Importance of Twin Studies
- Twin studies are considered a key tool in the field of behavioral genetics.
Discordance in Identical Twins
- The presence of discordance in a pair of identical twins indicates that environmental factors are influencing the trait or condition being studied.
Test your knowledge on twin studies and their significance in behavioral genetics with this quiz! Explore the importance of environmental and genetic influences on traits, phenotypes, and disorders through twin research. Discover how this methodology is utilized in various fields, from biology to psychology.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
