Tumour Viruses and Carcinogenesis
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Tumour Viruses and Carcinogenesis

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Questions and Answers

What is the nature of viruses?

  • Non-parasitic entities
  • Single-celled organisms
  • Large extracellular parasites
  • Small intracellular parasites (correct)

    • Which type of viruses first discovered cellular oncogenes in animal retroviruses?

  • Murine retroviruses
  • Avian retroviruses (correct)
  • Piscine retroviruses
  • Human retroviruses

    • Which of the following is an example of a cellular oncogene first discovered in retroviruses?

  • EGFR
  • Pi3K
  • PDGF
  • Abl1 (correct)

    • What type of kinases were first discovered through oncogenic virus research?

    <p>Non-Receptor Tyrosine kinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the research on viral oncogenesis mentioned in the text?

    <p>Genetic basis of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what percentage of human cancers are caused by infections according to the text?

    <p>18%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is responsible for the highest percentage of infection-related cancers?

    <p>Human papillomaviruses (HPV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?

    <p>Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) first identified as causing AIDS-associated tumors?

    <p>1980</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered a novel type of Papillomavirus DNA (HPV16) detected in HeLa cells and in cervical cancer biopsy samples?

    <p>Dürst … zur Hausen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the topic 'Human oncogenic viruses' mentioned in the text?

    <p>Biological functions of various viral oncogenic proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Polyomaviruses' are classified under which type of tumour viruses according to the text?

    <p>DNA tumour viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Merkel cell carcinoma' is associated with which virus according to the text?

    <p>Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the discovery of papillomaviruses in skin warts made?

    <p>405 BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the cervical smear test known as 'Pap'?

    <p>George Papanicolaou</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is responsible for the most cases of infection-related cancers?

    <p>Human papillomaviruses (HPV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of research on human oncogenic viruses?

    <p>The biological functions of various viral oncogenic proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia?

    <p>Human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genomic structure of hepatitis B virus (HBV)?

    <p>Double stranded DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was the Nobel Prize awarded to Harald zur Hausen for his work related to viruses?

    <p>2008</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is responsible for causing posttransplant lymphoma?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cellular target of the HCV core protein?

    <p>Mature hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first proposed Herpes simplex virus type 2 as a cause of cervical cancer?

    <p>Fred Rapp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of human cancers are caused by infections according to the text?

    <p>18%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Margaret and George Gye develop from a cervical cancer biopsy?

    <p>HeLa cell line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular oncogene was first discovered in retroviruses?

    <p>Abl1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of research on viral oncogenesis mentioned in the text?

    <p>Cancer activation pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what diameter are small intracellular parasites, such as viruses, mentioned in the text?

    <p>50 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of kinases were first discovered through oncogenic virus research?

    <p>Src</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of human cancers are caused by infections according to the text?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the cervical smear test known as 'Pap'?

    <p>George Papanicolaou</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the topic 'Human oncogenic viruses' mentioned in the text?

    <p>Virus-host interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes malignancies in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals?

    <p>Epstein Barr virus (EBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is responsible for causing Kaposi’s sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?

    <p>Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoma?

    <p>Epstein Barr virus (EBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes adult T-cell leukemia and degenerative neurological disease tropical spastic paraparesis?

    <p>Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is responsible for Merkel cell carcinoma, an aggressive rare skin cancer?

    <p>Merkel Cell Polyoma virus (MCPyV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes malignancies originating from epithelial cells, lymphocytes, and mesenchymal cells?

    <p>Epstein Barr virus (EBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is transmitted via milk and by leukocytes, and can also cause degenerative neurological disease tropical spastic paraparesis?

    <p>Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Adult T-cell leukemia' is primarily caused by which virus?

    <p>Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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