Tumour Viruses and Carcinogenesis
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Questions and Answers

What is the nature of viruses?

  • Non-parasitic entities
  • Single-celled organisms
  • Large extracellular parasites
  • Small intracellular parasites (correct)

Which type of viruses first discovered cellular oncogenes in animal retroviruses?

  • Murine retroviruses
  • Avian retroviruses (correct)
  • Piscine retroviruses
  • Human retroviruses

Which of the following is an example of a cellular oncogene first discovered in retroviruses?

  • EGFR
  • Pi3K
  • PDGF
  • Abl1 (correct)

What type of kinases were first discovered through oncogenic virus research?

<p>Non-Receptor Tyrosine kinases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the research on viral oncogenesis mentioned in the text?

<p>Genetic basis of cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of human cancers are caused by infections according to the text?

<p>18% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for the highest percentage of infection-related cancers?

<p>Human papillomaviruses (HPV) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?

<p>Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) first identified as causing AIDS-associated tumors?

<p>1980 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered a novel type of Papillomavirus DNA (HPV16) detected in HeLa cells and in cervical cancer biopsy samples?

<p>Dürst … zur Hausen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the topic 'Human oncogenic viruses' mentioned in the text?

<p>Biological functions of various viral oncogenic proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Polyomaviruses' are classified under which type of tumour viruses according to the text?

<p>DNA tumour viruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Merkel cell carcinoma' is associated with which virus according to the text?

<p>Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the discovery of papillomaviruses in skin warts made?

<p>405 BCE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the cervical smear test known as 'Pap'?

<p>George Papanicolaou (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for the most cases of infection-related cancers?

<p>Human papillomaviruses (HPV) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of research on human oncogenic viruses?

<p>The biological functions of various viral oncogenic proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with adult T-cell leukemia?

<p>Human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genomic structure of hepatitis B virus (HBV)?

<p>Double stranded DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the Nobel Prize awarded to Harald zur Hausen for his work related to viruses?

<p>2008 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for causing posttransplant lymphoma?

<p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cellular target of the HCV core protein?

<p>Mature hepatocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who first proposed Herpes simplex virus type 2 as a cause of cervical cancer?

<p>Fred Rapp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of human cancers are caused by infections according to the text?

<p>18% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Margaret and George Gye develop from a cervical cancer biopsy?

<p>HeLa cell line (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular oncogene was first discovered in retroviruses?

<p>Abl1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of research on viral oncogenesis mentioned in the text?

<p>Cancer activation pathways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what diameter are small intracellular parasites, such as viruses, mentioned in the text?

<p>50 nanometers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of kinases were first discovered through oncogenic virus research?

<p>Src (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of human cancers are caused by infections according to the text?

<p>75% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?

<p>HIV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the cervical smear test known as 'Pap'?

<p>George Papanicolaou (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the topic 'Human oncogenic viruses' mentioned in the text?

<p>Virus-host interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes malignancies in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals?

<p>Epstein Barr virus (EBV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for causing Kaposi’s sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma?

<p>Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoma?

<p>Epstein Barr virus (EBV) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes adult T-cell leukemia and degenerative neurological disease tropical spastic paraparesis?

<p>Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for Merkel cell carcinoma, an aggressive rare skin cancer?

<p>Merkel Cell Polyoma virus (MCPyV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes malignancies originating from epithelial cells, lymphocytes, and mesenchymal cells?

<p>Epstein Barr virus (EBV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is transmitted via milk and by leukocytes, and can also cause degenerative neurological disease tropical spastic paraparesis?

<p>Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Adult T-cell leukemia' is primarily caused by which virus?

<p>Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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