Tumour and Cancer Definitions
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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe an abnormal mass of tissue that may be solid or fluid-filled?

  • Sarcoma
  • Melanoma
  • Carcinoma
  • Neoplasm (correct)
  • Which of the following best describes a benign tumor?

  • Can metastasize to other parts of the body
  • Cells resemble normal cells (correct)
  • Always cancerous
  • Usually poses a health threat
  • What type of tumor arises from glandular epithelial tissue?

  • Sarcomas
  • Adenomas (correct)
  • Melanomas
  • Lymphomas
  • Which factor is NOT commonly linked to the growth of benign tumors?

    <p>Emotional well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a pre-malignant tumor from a benign tumor?

    <p>Ability to spread cancerous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is typically NOT needed for benign tumors?

    <p>Chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor grows on fibrous or connective tissue of any organ in the body?

    <p>Fibroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor consists of adipose tissue (fat cells)?

    <p>Lipoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which cancer cells spread from their primary site to distant locations in the human body called?

    <p>Metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor is able to invade surrounding tissues and is cancerous?

    <p>Carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common type of birthmark that is a build-up of blood vessel cells in the skin or internal organs?

    <p>Haemangioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor is derived from the skin or tissues that line body organs?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the p53 gene?

    <p>Regulates cell cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental pollutant is known to cause lung cancer?

    <p>Cadmium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is NOT recommended for preventing cancer?

    <p>Excessive radiation exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancers are considered sun-related?

    <p>Melanoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA viruses are known to cause specific cancers?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do statistical studies suggest about dietary guidelines and cancer risk?

    <p>People following certain guidelines are less likely to have cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer had the highest incidence for men in 103 countries or territories in 2015?

    <p>Stomach cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancers begins in cells of the lobules or ducts of the breast?

    <p>Breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for breast cancer related to weight?

    <p>Having more fat tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths for men in 29 countries in 2015?

    <p>Stomach cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 2015, which type of cancer had 810,000 deaths worldwide?

    <p>Liver cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some stromal tissues where breast cancer can less commonly begin?

    <p>Fatty and fibrous connective tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity can help reduce the risk of cancer according to the American Cancer Society?

    <p>Engaging in 45-60 minutes of physical exercise 5 or more days a week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can alcohol consumption potentially affect, increasing cancer risk?

    <p>Limiting the liver’s ability to control blood levels of oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for breast cancer after gender?

    <p>Family history of breast or ovarian cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mastectomy involves removing all breast tissue including skin, fatty tissue, lobules, and ducts?

    <p>Simple mastectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a lumpectomy usually involve?

    <p>Removing the tumour and a small margin around it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of therapy involves using biological agents or immunotherapy for cancer treatment?

    <p>Biological or targeted therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Tumors

    • Fibroids grow on fibrous or connective tissue of any organ in the body, e.g. uterine fibroids.
    • Lipomas are the most common form of soft-tissue tumor, consisting of adipose tissue (fat cells).
    • Haemangiomas are a build-up of blood vessel cells in the skin or internal organs, often appearing as a common type of birthmark.

    Characteristics of Tumors

    • A benign tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue that may be solid or fluid-filled, and cannot metastasize.
    • Cells of a benign tumor resemble normal cells, and most are not harmful to human health.
    • Malignant tumors are cancerous, grow fast, and can spread (metastasize) to distant locations in the body.

    Causes of Benign Tumors

    • Often the cause is unknown, but growth may be linked to environmental toxins, exposure to radiation, genetics, diet, stress, local trauma or injury, or inflammation or infection.

    Examples of Benign Tumors

    • Adenomas arise from glandular epithelial tissue, e.g. bile duct, follicular, hepatocellular, and nipple adenomas.
    • Uterine fibroids are common examples of benign tumors.

    Characteristics of Malignant Tumors

    • Cancer in situ is a malignant tumor found in its place of origin.
    • Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from their primary site to distant locations in the body.

    Types of Malignant Tumors

    • Carcinoma is derived from the skin or tissues that line body organs (epithelial cells), e.g. carcinomas of the stomach, prostate, pancreas, lung, liver, colon, or breast.

    Causes of Cancer

    • Environmental carcinogens, such as pollutants, industrial chemicals, and certain DNA viruses, can cause specific cancers.
    • Cancer can also be caused by exposure to radiation, certain chemicals, and diet.

    Prevention of Cancer

    • Behaviors that help prevent cancer include avoiding tobacco, sunbathing, and radiation exposure, getting vaccinated, and following a healthy diet.

    Common Cancers

    • Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from breast cells, and can begin in the lobules, ducts, or stromal tissues.
    • Prostate cancer grows locally within the prostate, often for many years.
    • Other common cancers include stomach, liver, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, bladder, and cervical cancer.

    Risk Factors of Breast Cancer

    • Age, family history, and medical history are significant risk factors.
    • Other risk factors include weight, lack of exercise, alcohol consumption, and diet.

    Treatment of Breast Cancer

    • Treatment options depend on several factors, including type, stage, and education.
    • Options may include lumpectomy, mastectomy, biological or targeted therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiation.

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    Description

    Learn about tumours, including their definition and differentiation between benign and malignant types. Understand the basics of cancer, its causes, prevention, and characteristics of cancerous cells.

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