Tuberculosis 1
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Which demographic groups are more significantly affected by stigmatization in relation to Tuberculosis (TB)?

  • Men and highly educated individuals
  • Women and less-educated people (correct)
  • Elderly and urban residents
  • Children and rural populations

    • What was the impact of TB in 2022 compared to HIV/AIDS?

  • TB caused almost twice as many deaths as HIV/AIDS (correct)
  • TB deaths were nearly equal to HIV/AIDS deaths
  • TB was eradicated, unlike HIV/AIDS
  • TB caused fewer deaths than HIV/AIDS

    • What is a key global commitment related to Tuberculosis?

  • Vaccination against all diseases
  • Eradication of all infectious diseases
  • End TB (correct)
  • Universal healthcare for all

    • Which of the following is a consequence of stigmatization in relation to TB?

    <p>Treatment noncompliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of the World Health Organisation (WHO) in relation to Tuberculosis?

    <p>Implement the END TB strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary causative agent of tuberculosis?

    <p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of tuberculosis?

    <p>Joint pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk factor is directly associated with an increased likelihood of developing active tuberculosis?

    <p>Immunosuppression due to HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding diabetes and tuberculosis is true?

    <p>It can increase the transition to active tuberculosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily dosage of isoniazid for preventative treatment of tuberculosis?

    <p>300 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these treatments for tuberculosis is given once daily for 3-4 months?

    <p>Rifampicin alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect associated with a deficiency in vitamin B6 during tuberculosis treatment?

    <p>Peripheral neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an emerging trend in tuberculosis treatment regarding the duration of therapy?

    <p>Studies are looking at shorter regimens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of people who fell ill with tuberculosis in 2022?

    <p>10.6 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of people with multidrug-resistant TB accessed treatment in 2022?

    <p>2 in 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug-resistant tuberculosis shows resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin?

    <p>Multidrug-resistant TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual funding required to achieve the global target for TB by 2028?

    <p>US$ 13 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification for tuberculosis resistant to one specific drug, likely isoniazid?

    <p>Mono-resistant TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What testing method identifies the DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to detect mutations?

    <p>Genotypic testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the effect of increased case notification in high burdened settings?

    <p>More patients receiving treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of stigmatization associated with tuberculosis?

    <p>Labeling traits as undesirable or disvalued</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of laboratory testing in tuberculosis cases?

    <p>To select effective drugs and prevent further resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of lives saved by global efforts against tuberculosis since 2000?

    <p>75 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis?

    <p>Resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, and any fluoroquinolone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in reducing the spread of tuberculosis in high burdened settings?

    <p>Improving case notifications and treatment access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which testing method is characterized by slow bacterial growth and takes a long time to result?

    <p>Phenotypic testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual funding needed to effectively address tuberculosis globally?

    <p>US$ 13 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug-resistant tuberculosis indicates resistance to one specific drug, likely isoniazid?

    <p>Mono-resistant tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lives have global efforts saved since the year 2000 in relation to tuberculosis?

    <p>75 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonly occurs as part of the stigmatization process associated with tuberculosis?

    <p>Identification of TB as an undesirable trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of people who were diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2022?

    <p>10.6 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of testing investigates the DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for mutations?

    <p>Genotypic testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes multidrug-resistant tuberculosis?

    <p>Resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of stigmatization related to tuberculosis?

    <p>Treatment noncompliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about tuberculosis treatment is accurate?

    <p>Treatment adheres to a strict regimen to ensure effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic groups are more affected by tuberculosis according to available data?

    <p>Women and less-educated people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of the World Health Organisation's strategy for tuberculosis?

    <p>Ending the global tuberculosis pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does diagnostic delay play in tuberculosis management?

    <p>It complicates disease management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to the global burden of tuberculosis?

    <p>Treatment noncompliance and diagnostic delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the global TB problem?

    <p>It is a leading cause of death globally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often a critical feature of drug-resistant tuberculosis?

    <p>It shows resistance to a combination of standard drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for developing tuberculosis?

    <p>High socioeconomic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What global initiative aims to eliminate tuberculosis as a public health problem?

    <p>End TB Strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the common symptoms of tuberculosis?

    <p>Prolonged cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does diabetes have on tuberculosis patients?

    <p>Increases the transition to active TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage of rifampicin for tuberculosis treatment?

    <p>600mg once daily for 3-4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is a risk factor for tuberculosis?

    <p>HIV or AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended preventative treatment for tuberculosis?

    <p>Rifampicin and isoniazid for 3-4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of night sweats typically indicate in tuberculosis patients?

    <p>Active infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a misconception regarding tuberculosis treatment in children?

    <p>Children can safely receive isoniazid therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is co-prescription of vitamin B6 often recommended during tuberculosis treatment?

    <p>To prevent peripheral neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium?

    <p>It primarily affects the lungs but can target other organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Demographic Groups Affected by Tuberculosis Stigma

    • Individuals living in poverty
    • People living with HIV/AIDS
    • Migrants
    • People in prison
    • Ethnic minorities

    Comparison of TB and HIV/AIDS Impact

    • In 2022, TB killed 1.6 million people, while HIV/AIDS deaths were estimated at 650,000
    • TB remains a leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide

    Global Commitment to Tuberculosis

    • End TB Strategy: Aimed at ending the TB epidemic by 2030
    • Includes reducing TB deaths by 95% and incidence by 90%

    Consequences of Stigma in TB

    • Delays in seeking treatment
    • Difficulty accessing healthcare services
    • Social isolation
    • Discrimination
    • Mental health issues

    Role of the World Health Organisation (WHO)

    • Develops and provides global TB prevention and treatment guidelines
    • Supports countries in strengthening their TB programs
    • Conducts research on TB and its control
    • Monitors global TB trends

    Causative Agent of TB

    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing bacterium

    Common Symptoms of TB

    • Coughing (with or without phlegm)
    • Fever
    • Night sweats
    • Weight loss
    • Fatigue

    Risk Factor Associated with Active TB

    • HIV/AIDS - Individuals with suppressed immune systems are at higher risk

    Diabetes and TB

    • Diabetes increases the likelihood of developing active TB
    • May cause more serious illness and delayed response to treatment

    Preventative Treatment Dosages

    • Isoniazid: Typically 300 mg daily

    Tuberculosis Treatment Duration

    • Short-course treatment: 3-4 months

    Side Effects of Vitamin B6 Deficiency

    • Peripheral neuropathy: Damage to the nerves of the hands and feet

    Emerging Trend in TB Treatment Duration

    • Shorter treatment regimens: Becoming more common, aiming to improve patient adherence

    Global TB Burden in 2022

    • Estimated 10.6 million people fell ill with TB

    Multidrug-Resistant TB Treatment Access in 2022

    • 53% of people with multidrug-resistant TB accessed treatment

    Type of Drug-Resistant TB

    • Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB): Resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin

    Funding Needed for TB Elimination

    • $13.6 billion per year is needed to achieve the global target for TB by 2028

    Classification for TB Resistant to One Drug

    • Monoresistant TB: Resistance to one specific drug, likely isoniazid

    Testing for TB Genetic Mutations

    • Genotypic drug susceptibility testing: Identifies mutations in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA

    Effect of Increased Case Notification

    • Increased TB burden: Reflects a higher number cases in high TB burdened settings

    Process of Stigma

    • The association of tuberculosis with poverty, illness, and death
    • Misconceptions about the disease and its transmission
    • Fear and discrimination by communities and Healthcare providers

    Primary Goal of TB Laboratory Testing

    • To diagnose TB accurately and quickly
    • Determine drug sensitivity for effective treatment

    Lives Saved Through TB Efforts

    • 40 million lives saved since 2000

    Extensively Drug-Resistant TB

    • Resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, plus at least one fluoroquinolone and one injectable second-line drug

    Reducing TB Spread

    • Effective TB prevention and treatment programs
    • Improving access to healthcare

    Slow TB Testing Method

    • Culture-based testing: Involves growing the bacteria, which can take several weeks

    Funding Needed for Global TB Response

    • $13.6 billion annually

    Drug-Resistant TB with Resistance to One Drug

    • Monoresistant TB

    Lives Saved by Global TB Efforts

    • 40 million

    Stigma in TB

    • Discrimination and social ostracization
    • Delayed or avoided treatment
    • Negative emotional effects

    TB Diagnoses in 2022

    • 10.6 million people were diagnosed with TB

    TB Genetic Testing

    • Genotypic drug susceptibility testing: Identifies mutations in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA

    What is MDR-TB

    • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis that is resistant to at least two of the most powerful first-line anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin. This means that MDR-TB is much harder to treat than ordinary TB.

    Consequences of TB Stigma

    • Delayed diagnosis and treatment
    • Exclusion from society and difficulty accessing healthcare

    Treatment Facts

    • Treatment of active TB usually lasts 6-9 months.

    Demographic Groups Affected

    • People living with HIV/AIDS
    • Migrants
    • The poor

    WHO's Strategy for TB

    • To provide access to quality TB diagnosis and treatment.
    • To support countries in eliminating TB through effective healthcare systems.

    The Role of Diagnostic Delay in TB

    • Delayed diagnosis can lead to spread of the disease
    • More severe TB illness
    • Delayed treatment

    The Global TB Burden

    • The majority of TB cases occur in low and middle-income countries.

    Truth about the Global TB Problem

    • The global TB problem is a complex issue requiring comprehensive approaches, not just medical treatment.

    A Critical Feature of Drug-Resistant TB

    • Treatment is longer, more complex, and often involves more toxic drugs.

    Risk Factors for TB

    • Close contact with someone who has TB
    • Weakened immune system
    • Certain medical conditions such as HIV/AIDS and diabetes

    Global TB Initiative

    • "End TB Strategy" -- aims to end the TB epidemic by 2030.

    Symptoms of TB

    • Coughing
    • Fever
    • Night Sweats
    • Weight Loss
    • Fatigue

    TB in Patients with Diabetes

    • Patients with diabetes are more likely to develop active TB.
    • May experience more severe illness and delayed response to treatment.

    Rifampicin Dosage

    • 600 mg daily

    TB Risk Factor

    • HIV/AIDS

    Preventative TB Treatment

    • Isoniazid for 6-9 months

    Night Sweats in TB

    • Sign of active TB infection

    Misconception About TB Treatment in Children

    • Children sometimes don't do well with injectable TB treatment

    Vitamin B6 During TB Treatment

    • Can help prevent neuropathy, a side effect of some TB medications

    Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    • A slow-growing bacterium
    • Can survive within immune cells
    • Resistant to many common antibiotics

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the effects of stigmatization related to Tuberculosis. Explore the demographic groups most affected, the impact of TB compared to HIV/AIDS, and the key global commitments in addressing TB. Learn about the role of the World Health Organization in this crucial health issue.

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