Tuberculosis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mode of acquisition for tuberculosis?

  • Ingestion of contaminated food
  • Inhalation of droplet nuclei (correct)
  • Direct contact with skin lesions
  • Sexual transmission

What is the cause of death in immunocompromised patients with tuberculosis?

  • Tuberculosis (correct)
  • Influenza
  • Heart disease
  • Pneumonia

What is the hallmark of primary tuberculosis?

  • Abscess formation
  • Caseating granuloma (correct)
  • Non-caseating granuloma
  • Cyst formation

What are the common presenting symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis?

<p>Low-grade fever, night sweats, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows tuberculosis to survive phagocytosis?

<p>Cord factor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of TB acquisition?

<p>Inhalation of droplet nuclei (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of death in immunocompromised patients with TB?

<p>TB infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of high antigen load and hypersensitivity reaction in TB?

<p>Tissue necrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common presenting symptoms of pulmonary TB?

<p>Low-grade fever, night sweats, productive cough (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows TB to survive phagocytosis?

<p>Cord factor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

How is TB transmitted?

The primary way tuberculosis is spread, involving breathing in tiny droplets, like those expelled when someone with TB coughs.

What is the root cause of death in immunocompromised TB patients?

The immune system's inability to control tuberculosis infection, leading to extensive bacterial growth and organ damage.

What is the hallmark of primary TB?

A characteristic feature of primary tuberculosis, characterized by a collection of immune cells surrounding the bacteria, forming a cheese-like mass.

What are the common symptoms of pulmonary TB?

Typical symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis often experienced by patients, including mild fever, excessive sweating at night, lack of energy, loss of appetite, and unintentional weight loss.

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What helps TB survive inside immune cells?

A unique fatty molecule produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, enabling it to resist breakdown by immune cells, facilitating its survival within the body.

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How does TB enter the body?

The most likely path for Mycobacterium tuberculosis to enter the human body, occurring when an individual breathes in microscopic airborne droplets containing the bacteria.

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What causes death in immunocompromised TB patients?

The bacterium responsible for causing tuberculosis, directly responsible for the disease progression and death in immunocompromised individuals.

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What happens when the immune system overreacts to TB?

The consequence of a strong immune response against tuberculosis, where excessive inflammation and bacterial activity lead to tissue damage and death.

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What are the classic signs of pulmonary TB?

The most frequent symptoms experienced by individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis, including low-grade fever, excessive sweating at night, and coughing up phlegm.

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What helps TB persist inside immune cells?

A distinctive lipid component produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, crucial for its ability to survive within macrophages, the body's immune cells.

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Study Notes

Tuberculosis Acquisition and Symptoms

  • Primary mode of acquisition for tuberculosis (TB) is through inhalation of aerosolized droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Common presenting symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis include chronic cough, weight loss, night sweats, and hemoptysis (coughing up blood).

Immunocompromised Patients

  • In immunocompromised patients, the leading cause of death related to TB is usually due to overwhelming disseminated disease and associated opportunistic infections.

Hallmark and Immune Response

  • The hallmark of primary tuberculosis is the formation of a Ghon complex, which consists of a granuloma in the lung and lymph node involvement.
  • High antigen load results in a hypersensitivity reaction, causing tissue damage and exacerbating disease progression.

Survival Mechanisms

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis has unique cell wall components, including mycolic acids, that allow it to survive phagocytosis by inhibiting the fusion of the phagosome with lysosomes.

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Description

Test your knowledge of tuberculosis with this quiz. Explore the primary acquisition of TB, the pathologic features, and the impact on immunocompromised patients. Brush up on your understanding of this respiratory tract disease.

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