Tuberculosis Prevention Guidelines Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the guidelines outlined in the document?

  • To outline preventive measures for individuals at risk of tuberculosis (correct)
  • To evaluate the economic impact of tuberculosis infection
  • To provide treatment for tuberculosis patients only
  • To establish management protocols for healthcare providers

In which section is the management of tuberculosis preventive treatment discussed for specific age groups?

  • Section 2: Purpose of the Guidelines
  • Section 4: Adult, Adolescent and Older Child Contacts (correct)
  • Section 1: Introduction and Rationale
  • Section 3: Organisation of the Guidelines

What should be considered before offering TB preventive treatment to individuals?

  • Previous exposure to tuberculosis treatments
  • Personal medical history and weight of the individual (correct)
  • Financial status and familial background
  • Age and geographic location of the individual

Which tests are mentioned for assessing tuberculosis infection?

<p>Tuberculin skin tests and interferon-gamma release assays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended regarding tuberculosis preventive treatment for individuals weighing more than 25 kilograms?

<p>Treatment should be deferred based on their contact history (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as a child by WHO?

<p>0 to 14 years of age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition indicates latent TB infection?

<p>Positive tuberculin skin test or IGRA test without active TB disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of monitoring in a TB program?

<p>To provide continuous information on progress towards achieving goals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is significant TB exposure defined?

<p>Sharing enclosed space with a TB patient for one or more nights or extended days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes recent TB exposure?

<p>Involves contact with a person diagnosed in the last 12 months, regardless of location. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of monitoring in terms of program performance?

<p>Tracking key inputs, activities, and results to assess progress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the term 'household contact' considered confusing in TB exposure terminology?

<p>It limits the scope of potential exposures outside the household. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who qualifies as an index patient?

<p>An adult or adolescent with infectious pulmonary TB (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who qualifies as a TB contact?

<p>Individuals who have frequently encountered a TB patient in enclosed spaces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes TB disease?

<p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment regimen for TB preventive treatment (TPT) without symptoms?

<p>TPT can be initiated without sputum testing or CXR if the individual is asymptomatic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is specifically associated with the funding and support for TB treatment programs?

<p>United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation 'IPT' stand for in the context of TB preventive treatment?

<p>Isoniazid Preventive Treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym 3HP stand for in TB treatment?

<p>Three months of weekly isoniazid plus rifapentine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following age groups is specifically defined as 'adolescent' regarding TB treatment?

<p>A person aged 15 to 19 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for children who cannot expectorate but are considered for TPT?

<p>A clinical evaluation is sufficient, and a CXR should be done if available. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are considered TB-exposed infants?

<p>Infants born to mothers diagnosed before or after birth with TB. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is represented by the acronym '3HP' in TB treatment regimens?

<p>3 months of weekly isoniazid plus rifapentine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term defines the extent to which an individual follows prescribed medical recommendations?

<p>Adherence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an outcome of implementing comprehensive TPT?

<p>Reduction of the TB burden in vulnerable populations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is silicosis?

<p>Lung fibrosis resulting from inhaling silica-containing materials. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following abbreviations refers to a test assessing latent TB infection?

<p>IGRA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the purpose of TB treatment, which weight class defines children who can receive adult doses?

<p>Children weighing &gt;25kg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct interpretation of 'MDR-TB'?

<p>Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym 'FDC' refer to when discussing TB medications?

<p>Fixed-dose combinations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which global organization plays a significant role in setting TB treatment guidelines?

<p>World Health Organization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary step before initiating TPT in individuals?

<p>Perform clinical evaluation for TB disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of a positive test for TB infection is true?

<p>Means past infection with M.tb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can a negative test of TB infection signify?

<p>The person might still be infected with M.tb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor should NOT impede the initiation of TPT?

<p>Unavailability of diagnostic tools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended TB testing strategy for younger children?

<p>Consider alternative samples like gastric aspirates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the revised guidelines?

<p>To overcome barriers to TPT access (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In clinical scenarios, which tests may still be utilized by clinicians?

<p>Tests of TB infection if available (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prerequisite is required for ruling out TB disease?

<p>Comprehensive clinical evaluation and testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who should be considered for TPT initiation processes?

<p>Individuals with significant TB exposure and high-risk individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach if TB test availability varies by setting?

<p>Address TB testing deficiencies urgently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is NOT typically considered when determining TPT eligibility?

<p>Country of residence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using shorter duration TPT regimens?

<p>They reduce the burden on health services and individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes tests for TB infection from tests for active TB disease?

<p>Tests for infection predict risk but do not confirm active disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is emphasized for TPT often based on household exposure?

<p>Individuals sharing a household with someone on TB treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it not necessary to conduct TB testing immediately before starting TPT?

<p>Children without symptoms can commence TPT if they are well (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of employing a family-centered approach in TPT?

<p>To ensure similar regimens are offered to affected household members (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

TB Preventive Treatment (TPT)

Treatment given to individuals with latent TB infection to prevent them from developing active TB disease.

Tuberculin Skin Tests (TST)

A diagnostic test used to identify latent TB infection.

Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRA)

A blood test to detect TB infection.

Adult, Adolescent, and Older Child Contacts

People who have had close contact with someone who has active TB disease.

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TPT Offer Criteria

Conditions under which preventive TB treatment (TPT) should be considered.

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TPT Deferral

Reasons why TPT might not be suitable in some cases.

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TPT Regimen (≥25kg)

Recommended treatment plan for preventive TB treatment in adults, adolescents, and older children (weighing over 25 kg).

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TB Disease Evaluation

Assessment to identify if TB disease is present in contacts.

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Infant

A child under one year of age.

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Index Patient

A person with infectious pulmonary TB (either adult or adolescent).

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Latent TB Infection

Immune response to TB bacteria without active disease.

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Monitoring

Tracking program performance (inputs, activities, and results).

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Recent TB Exposure

Contact with someone with pulmonary TB within the past year.

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Significant TB Exposure

Close contact with pulmonary TB patient in enclosed space, regularly.

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TB Contact

Someone who has had close contact with someone who has pulmonary TB

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Adherence

How closely a person follows healthcare recommendations for medication, diet, or lifestyle changes.

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Adolescent

A person aged 15 to 19 years.

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Child (TPT)

Children weighing over 25 kg can be treated with adult TB medications, including TPT.

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ART

Antiretroviral treatment

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BCG

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin

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CCMDD

Central chronic medicine dispensing and distribution

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CHW

Community health worker

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CLHIV

Children living with HIV

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CXR

Chest x-ray

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DHMIS

District Health Management Information System

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TB Exposure

Close contact with someone with active TB disease.

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TPT

TB Preventive Treatment; prevents active TB.

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High TB Risk

Individuals prone to active TB disease.

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Family-Centered Approach

TPT approach considering household members.

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TB Testing vs. TB Disease Testing

Testing infection vs. testing for active TB disease.

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Shorter Duration TPT

Reducing treatment burden by using shorter TPT regimens.

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CXR

Chest X-Ray; a diagnostic tool to rule out TB.

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Symptomless TB

TB with no noticeable symptoms.

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TB contact

Individuals who have shared a closed space or living arrangement with a TB patient for extended periods (e.g., overnights, frequent daytime periods) within three months before the patient's treatment.

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TB disease

Illness caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, diagnosed either through lab confirmation or clinical evaluation.

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TB-exposed infant

A newborn exposed to TB, either through the mother's infection before or after birth, or from other close contacts (e.g., caregiver, family member).

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Silicosis

Lung scarring caused by inhaling silica dust.

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3HP

Three months of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine for TB.

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3RH

Three months of daily rifampicin and isoniazid for TB.

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6H

Six months of daily isoniazid for TB treatment.

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12H

Twelve months of daily isoniazid for TB treatment.

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TPT initiation

Starting TB preventive treatment (TPT) to avoid active TB disease

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TB disease evaluation

Assessment to determine if a person has TB disease before TPT

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TB infection test

Test for the presence of TB infection

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GeneXpert

Diagnostic tool for active TB disease, especially in asymptomatic individuals.

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Significant TB exposure

Close contact with active pulmonary TB, sustained and often in enclosed spaces.

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TB testing strategies vary by age

Different methods of testing for TB are used based on the age of the individual, taking into account factors like the ability to expectorate sputum

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Clinical evaluation

Physical examination and symptom check for TB disease

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Clinical samples (children)

Alternative approaches to testing for TB in children, considering different body fluid samples like gastric and fine needle aspirates or stool.

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Study Notes

National Guidelines on the Treatment of Tuberculosis Infection

  • Document Date: February 2023
  • Issued by: Department of Health, Republic of South Africa
  • Purpose: To provide guidelines for the treatment of tuberculosis infection, especially preventive treatment (TPT)
  • Targets: Reduction in TB incidence and mortality by 2025, using a comprehensive approach
  • Key Concerns: COVID-19 pandemic disrupted TB services, leading to a decrease in access to care
  • Content Overview: Document contains detailed recommendations for TPT, considering various patient categories and risk factors.
    • Includes information on testing, evaluation, regimen options
    • Addresses adults, adolescents, older children, children, pregnant/breastfeeding women, and people living with HIV.
    • Specific focus on those with silicosis

Background and Rationale

  • TB, HIV, and AIDS are major health concerns in South Africa, with modelling showing the need for comprehensive interventions
  • Aiming for a 50% reduction in TB incidence and 75% reduction in TB mortality by 2025, through multiple interventions.

Organisation of Guidelines

  • Patient categories (adults, adolescents, children, pregnant women, PLHIV, those with silicosis)
  • Specific sections cover Eligibility criteria, TPT algorithm, regimen options, dosage, and practical considerations (e.g. side effects)

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Related Documents

National Guidelines on the Treatment of Tuberculosis Infection PDF 2023

Description

Test your knowledge on the guidelines for tuberculosis preventive treatment. This quiz covers key sections, considerations, and testing methods related to TB management for various age groups and weight categories. Ensure you understand the important recommendations for effective preventive care.

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