Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis

Persistent immune response to M. tuberculosis antigens without active TB symptoms.

Systematically finding and assessing TB in contacts of a TB case.

Resistance to one anti-TB drug.

Resistance to both isoniazid and rifampicin.

All diagnosed TB cases, whether treated or not, must be reported.

TB patient who stops treatment for 2+ consecutive months.

MDR-TB or rifampicin-resistant TB plus resistance to a fluoroquinolone.

Prior TB, cured or completed treatment; now diagnosed with recurrent TB.

Pulmonary TB diagnosed with positive sputum bacilloscopy, a rapid MTB/RIF or MTB/RIF ULTRA molecular test, or a BAAR culture, plus a clinical evaluation. Other approved diagnostic methods may also be used.

TB diagnosed by clinical symptoms and suggestive X-rays, but the bacteria cannot be confirmed by standard testing.

TB diagnosed outside the lungs, based on the affected body part, using approved diagnostic methods.

Cases lacking clear diagnosis (e.g., negative bacilloscopies with persistent symptoms), should undergo molecular tests, culture, and drug resistance tests.

TB patients unable to produce sputum samples who must be referred to the next level of care for additional testing.

All diagnosed TB cases, whether treated or not, must be reported to the health system.

Rapid notification of TB meningitis in children under five to specific health authorities.

Prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and control of TB in prisoners, overseen by prison staff (coordinated with health authorities).

Prison health staff who diagnose and initiate TB treatment are responsible for follow-up, reporting, and release from case registry. This includes communication with transfer centers and relevant health regions.

Mandatory recording of all TB cases, using manual and/or electronic systems, following specific criteria for admission, discharge, and other relevant data.

All public and private healthcare providers are required to complete official forms (e.g., VIGEPES-01) for reporting monitored diseases.

Measures to control infection, including managing medication and diagnostic supplies, are necessary within correctional facilities, outlined in agreements between relevant ministries.

TB treatment in prisons mirrors the approach for the general population. Prison staff are responsible for coordinating all related elements.

A molecular test that shows Mycobacterium tuberculosis and sensitivity to rifampicin.

A molecular test result indicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis with rifampicin resistance.

No Mycobacterium tuberculosis detected in a lab culture test.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is identified in a lab culture test.

Same TB treatment protocol as for general population.

Comprehensive evaluation needed; combines epidemiological, clinical, tuberculin, radiologic, histopathologic, and microbiological factors.

Steroid medications used in severe TB cases like meningeal, pericardial TB, etc.

Combination of epidemiological, clinical, tuberculin, radiologic, histopathologic, and microbiological testing. 3 or more criteria suggest TB.

Serious adverse events or deaths must be reported within 24 hours.

Follow-up reports on severe adverse events, treatment failures, and medication errors are required within 25 calendar days.

Hospitalization is needed for severe TB cases, medication toxicity, severe drug reactions, multidrug-resistant cases, lung cavity complications, and advanced HIV/diabetes/cardiovascular issues.

TB patients go to hospitals based on severity (second or third level)

Tuberculosis patients with complex social issues (alcoholism, homelessness, mental illness) need hospitalization until resolved.

After hospital treatment, patients receive precise instructions on their care.

Clinical health in prisons will report to the appropriate local health unit

Hospital discharge includes detailed instructions and referral forms to guide continued treatment.

Following people who may have been exposed to a TB case to prevent further spread.

Separating TB patients to limit exposure for others.

Designated area for strictly supervised TB treatment.

Proper air flow to push TB-containing droplets out of the facility.

Specific masks and respirators TB patients and healthcare workers must wear.

95% or higher filtration respirators recommended for TB cases & healthcare workers.

Identifying early TB cases and their contacts.

Specific populations who have a higher likelihood of contracting or spreading TB.