Tuberculosis Basics and Treatment

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Questions and Answers

What bacteria causes Tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (correct)

Mycobacterium avium

In what year was Tuberculosis discovered by Robert Koch?

1882 (correct)

1890

1901

1855

Which of the following describes how Tuberculosis is primarily spread?

Blood transfusion

Consumption of contaminated food

Direct skin contact

Airborne droplets (correct)

Which age group is most commonly affected by Tuberculosis?

Adults aged 15-55 Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated male-to-female ratio of TB incidence according to the provided data?

2.34 Signup and view all the answers

How long can Tubercle bacilli survive in the dark?

Years Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature can Tubercle bacilli be destroyed within 20 minutes?

60 degrees Celsius Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body is most commonly affected by Tuberculosis?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which municipality has the lowest CDR in the provided data?

San Pascual Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the National Tuberculosis Program?

Detect active TB cases at least 70% and cure them at least 85% Signup and view all the answers

Which municipality has the highest CR among those with low CDR?

Rosario Signup and view all the answers

Which municipality falls under the high CDR - low CR category?

Cuenca Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the National Tuberculosis Program, what does CDR stand for?

Case Detection Rate Signup and view all the answers

Which municipality has a CDR greater than 80 but less than 90?

Malvar Signup and view all the answers

How is the National Tuberculosis Program implemented?

Nationwide in all government health centers and hospitals, and selected private institutions Signup and view all the answers

Among the municipalities listed, which one has the highest CDR and an equally high CR?

Balete Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of early identification and diagnosis of TB cases?

To ensure timely treatment and prevent disease spread Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes passive case finding?

Finding TB cases among individuals who consult a facility due to symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is classified as a TB symptomatic case?

Any person with a cough lasting 2 weeks or more Signup and view all the answers

What does active case finding involve?

Deliberate efforts to locate TB cases not seeking medical help Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with TB symptomatic cases?

Severe abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of direct sputum smear microscopy in TB diagnosis?

It serves as a preliminary test for diagnosing pulmonary TB Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason for significant weight loss in TB patients?

The body's high metabolic rate fighting the infection Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a chest X-ray shows abnormal findings in an asymptomatic patient?

Conduct further diagnostic tests including microscopy Signup and view all the answers

What should a woman on oral contraceptives do when prescribed anti-TB drugs?

Switch to a contraceptive with a higher dose of estrogen. Signup and view all the answers

After how many weeks of treatment is a TB patient generally considered non-infectious?

2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Can a cured TB patient contract TB again?

Yes, if they come into contact with TB bacilli when body resistance is low. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action before a TB patient returns to work?

Undergo sputum examination to ensure they are smear negative. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of rifampicin use on oral contraceptives?

It may decrease the efficacy of certain oral contraceptives. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding TB patients and sexual activity?

TB patients can have sex if they are treated properly for two weeks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the case detection rate (CDR) concerned with?

The number of TB cases identified per population. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of TB treatment, what does a high cure rate (CR) indicate?

A successful outcome of TB medication. Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred mode of care for TB treatment?

Domiciliary treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which category of TB patients is treated with the regimen 2HRZES for the intensive phase?

Treatment failure Signup and view all the answers

A patient who remains smear-positive at the end of a re-treatment regimen is classified as what?

A chronic case Signup and view all the answers

What should be ensured by national and local government units regarding anti-TB drugs?

Quality of drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of TB case may require referral to a specialized DOTS Plus center?

Chronic Case Signup and view all the answers

Which regimen is recommended for patients with new smear (+) PTB during the continuation phase?

4HR Signup and view all the answers

What are chronic TB cases suspected to be resistant to?

Isoniazid and Rifampicin Signup and view all the answers

When should the first follow-up sputum exam for Category I occur?

End of the 2nd month Signup and view all the answers

What drug is responsible for causing side effects in TB treatment?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What condition is defined as a resistance to at least Isoniazid and Rifampicin?

Multi-drug resistant TB Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tuberculosis (TB) Basics

Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, discovered by Robert Koch in 1882.
Primarily affects the lungs (pulmonary TB), but can also affect other organs (extrapulmonary TB).
Highly contagious: A smear-positive pulmonary TB patient can infect 10-20 people annually.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is sensitive to sunlight (killed in 5 minutes) but can survive in darkness for years. It can be destroyed at 60°C in 20 minutes or 70°C in 5 minutes.
Spread through airborne droplets produced by coughing or sneezing.
Affects all ages, but most common among those aged 15-55, with higher incidence in men.
The Philippines is a high TB burden country, contributing significantly to global TB cases. The male-to-female ratio of TB incidence is higher in the Philippines than globally reported by the WHO.

TB Treatment and Prevention

A woman taking anti-TB drugs alongside oral contraceptives should consult a clinician about alternative contraceptive options due to Rifampicin's potential to decrease the efficacy of oral contraceptives.
A cured TB patient can contract TB again if they inhale the bacteria with low body resistance.
Sexual activity is not restricted for TB patients; most become non-infectious after two weeks of treatment.
Patients can usually return to work after 2-3 weeks of treatment if they're smear-negative.

National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) in the Philippines

Aims to detect at least 70% of active TB cases and cure at least 85%.
Employs both passive (finding cases among those seeking help) and active (purposive searching) case-finding methods.
Treatment is supervised directly observed therapy (DOT). Treatment initiation requires agreement between the patient and the TB DOTS facility.
Diagnosis relies on direct sputum smear microscopy (DSSM). Domiciliary treatment is preferred.
The government provides anti-TB drugs. Drug quality is ensured.

TB Treatment Regimens & Drug Side Effects

Treatment regimens vary depending on TB type and patient history (new, relapse, treatment failure, etc.). Different regimens have differing Intensive and Continuation Phases.
Chronic smear-positive cases after re-treatment are considered potential multi-drug-resistant (MDR) TB and referred for specialized care.
MDR TB is resistant to at least Isoniazid and Rifampicin and requires 1-2 years of treatment.
DSSM follow-up schedules vary based on TB case category.
Anti-TB drugs have potential side effects; consult a healthcare professional if experienced.

Case Detection and Cure Rates (Batangas Example)

Data provided shows variations in Case Detection Rate (CDR) and Cure Rate (CR) across different municipalities in Batangas.
Some municipalities had high CDR but low CR, while others showed the reverse or high rates of both. Specific municipality data is presented.

Identifying TB Symptomatic Individuals

A TB symptomatic individual presents with a cough lasting two or more weeks, potentially accompanied by fever, chest/back pain, hemoptysis, significant weight loss, sweating, fatigue, malaise, or shortness of breath.

NTP 101 Challenge: Truth or Lie

Direct sputum smear microscopy is the most basic test to diagnose pulmonary TB. (TRUE) Additional notes explain that other positive classifications exist (new smear negative to positive, interrupted treatment, and chronic cases).

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Description

This quiz covers essential information about tuberculosis, including its causes, transmission, and preventive measures. Learn about the history of TB, its impact globally and in the Philippines, and the importance of treatment options. Test your knowledge on TB's characteristics and implications.