Podcast
Questions and Answers
What bacteria causes Tuberculosis?
What bacteria causes Tuberculosis?
- Mycobacterium leprae
- Mycobacterium bovis
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (correct)
- Mycobacterium avium
In what year was Tuberculosis discovered by Robert Koch?
In what year was Tuberculosis discovered by Robert Koch?
- 1882 (correct)
- 1890
- 1901
- 1855
Which of the following describes how Tuberculosis is primarily spread?
Which of the following describes how Tuberculosis is primarily spread?
- Blood transfusion
- Consumption of contaminated food
- Direct skin contact
- Airborne droplets (correct)
Which age group is most commonly affected by Tuberculosis?
Which age group is most commonly affected by Tuberculosis?
What is the estimated male-to-female ratio of TB incidence according to the provided data?
What is the estimated male-to-female ratio of TB incidence according to the provided data?
How long can Tubercle bacilli survive in the dark?
How long can Tubercle bacilli survive in the dark?
At what temperature can Tubercle bacilli be destroyed within 20 minutes?
At what temperature can Tubercle bacilli be destroyed within 20 minutes?
Which part of the body is most commonly affected by Tuberculosis?
Which part of the body is most commonly affected by Tuberculosis?
Which municipality has the lowest CDR in the provided data?
Which municipality has the lowest CDR in the provided data?
What is the primary objective of the National Tuberculosis Program?
What is the primary objective of the National Tuberculosis Program?
Which municipality has the highest CR among those with low CDR?
Which municipality has the highest CR among those with low CDR?
Which municipality falls under the high CDR - low CR category?
Which municipality falls under the high CDR - low CR category?
In the context of the National Tuberculosis Program, what does CDR stand for?
In the context of the National Tuberculosis Program, what does CDR stand for?
Which municipality has a CDR greater than 80 but less than 90?
Which municipality has a CDR greater than 80 but less than 90?
How is the National Tuberculosis Program implemented?
How is the National Tuberculosis Program implemented?
Among the municipalities listed, which one has the highest CDR and an equally high CR?
Among the municipalities listed, which one has the highest CDR and an equally high CR?
What is the primary goal of early identification and diagnosis of TB cases?
What is the primary goal of early identification and diagnosis of TB cases?
Which of the following describes passive case finding?
Which of the following describes passive case finding?
What is classified as a TB symptomatic case?
What is classified as a TB symptomatic case?
What does active case finding involve?
What does active case finding involve?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with TB symptomatic cases?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with TB symptomatic cases?
What is the role of direct sputum smear microscopy in TB diagnosis?
What is the role of direct sputum smear microscopy in TB diagnosis?
What is a common reason for significant weight loss in TB patients?
What is a common reason for significant weight loss in TB patients?
What should be done if a chest X-ray shows abnormal findings in an asymptomatic patient?
What should be done if a chest X-ray shows abnormal findings in an asymptomatic patient?
What should a woman on oral contraceptives do when prescribed anti-TB drugs?
What should a woman on oral contraceptives do when prescribed anti-TB drugs?
After how many weeks of treatment is a TB patient generally considered non-infectious?
After how many weeks of treatment is a TB patient generally considered non-infectious?
Can a cured TB patient contract TB again?
Can a cured TB patient contract TB again?
What is the recommended action before a TB patient returns to work?
What is the recommended action before a TB patient returns to work?
What is a potential consequence of rifampicin use on oral contraceptives?
What is a potential consequence of rifampicin use on oral contraceptives?
Which of the following is true regarding TB patients and sexual activity?
Which of the following is true regarding TB patients and sexual activity?
What is the case detection rate (CDR) concerned with?
What is the case detection rate (CDR) concerned with?
In the context of TB treatment, what does a high cure rate (CR) indicate?
In the context of TB treatment, what does a high cure rate (CR) indicate?
What is the preferred mode of care for TB treatment?
What is the preferred mode of care for TB treatment?
Which category of TB patients is treated with the regimen 2HRZES for the intensive phase?
Which category of TB patients is treated with the regimen 2HRZES for the intensive phase?
A patient who remains smear-positive at the end of a re-treatment regimen is classified as what?
A patient who remains smear-positive at the end of a re-treatment regimen is classified as what?
What should be ensured by national and local government units regarding anti-TB drugs?
What should be ensured by national and local government units regarding anti-TB drugs?
Which type of TB case may require referral to a specialized DOTS Plus center?
Which type of TB case may require referral to a specialized DOTS Plus center?
Which regimen is recommended for patients with new smear (+) PTB during the continuation phase?
Which regimen is recommended for patients with new smear (+) PTB during the continuation phase?
What are chronic TB cases suspected to be resistant to?
What are chronic TB cases suspected to be resistant to?
When should the first follow-up sputum exam for Category I occur?
When should the first follow-up sputum exam for Category I occur?
What drug is responsible for causing side effects in TB treatment?
What drug is responsible for causing side effects in TB treatment?
What condition is defined as a resistance to at least Isoniazid and Rifampicin?
What condition is defined as a resistance to at least Isoniazid and Rifampicin?
Study Notes
Tuberculosis (TB) Basics
- Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, discovered by Robert Koch in 1882.
- Primarily affects the lungs (pulmonary TB), but can also affect other organs (extrapulmonary TB).
- Highly contagious: A smear-positive pulmonary TB patient can infect 10-20 people annually.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis is sensitive to sunlight (killed in 5 minutes) but can survive in darkness for years. It can be destroyed at 60°C in 20 minutes or 70°C in 5 minutes.
- Spread through airborne droplets produced by coughing or sneezing.
- Affects all ages, but most common among those aged 15-55, with higher incidence in men.
- The Philippines is a high TB burden country, contributing significantly to global TB cases. The male-to-female ratio of TB incidence is higher in the Philippines than globally reported by the WHO.
TB Treatment and Prevention
- A woman taking anti-TB drugs alongside oral contraceptives should consult a clinician about alternative contraceptive options due to Rifampicin's potential to decrease the efficacy of oral contraceptives.
- A cured TB patient can contract TB again if they inhale the bacteria with low body resistance.
- Sexual activity is not restricted for TB patients; most become non-infectious after two weeks of treatment.
- Patients can usually return to work after 2-3 weeks of treatment if they're smear-negative.
National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) in the Philippines
- Aims to detect at least 70% of active TB cases and cure at least 85%.
- Employs both passive (finding cases among those seeking help) and active (purposive searching) case-finding methods.
- Treatment is supervised directly observed therapy (DOT). Treatment initiation requires agreement between the patient and the TB DOTS facility.
- Diagnosis relies on direct sputum smear microscopy (DSSM). Domiciliary treatment is preferred.
- The government provides anti-TB drugs. Drug quality is ensured.
TB Treatment Regimens & Drug Side Effects
- Treatment regimens vary depending on TB type and patient history (new, relapse, treatment failure, etc.). Different regimens have differing Intensive and Continuation Phases.
- Chronic smear-positive cases after re-treatment are considered potential multi-drug-resistant (MDR) TB and referred for specialized care.
- MDR TB is resistant to at least Isoniazid and Rifampicin and requires 1-2 years of treatment.
- DSSM follow-up schedules vary based on TB case category.
- Anti-TB drugs have potential side effects; consult a healthcare professional if experienced.
Case Detection and Cure Rates (Batangas Example)
- Data provided shows variations in Case Detection Rate (CDR) and Cure Rate (CR) across different municipalities in Batangas.
- Some municipalities had high CDR but low CR, while others showed the reverse or high rates of both. Specific municipality data is presented.
Identifying TB Symptomatic Individuals
- A TB symptomatic individual presents with a cough lasting two or more weeks, potentially accompanied by fever, chest/back pain, hemoptysis, significant weight loss, sweating, fatigue, malaise, or shortness of breath.
NTP 101 Challenge: Truth or Lie
- Direct sputum smear microscopy is the most basic test to diagnose pulmonary TB. (TRUE) Additional notes explain that other positive classifications exist (new smear negative to positive, interrupted treatment, and chronic cases).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers essential information about tuberculosis, including its causes, transmission, and preventive measures. Learn about the history of TB, its impact globally and in the Philippines, and the importance of treatment options. Test your knowledge on TB's characteristics and implications.
