Tuberculosis and Polio Overview

Study Notes

Tuberculosis

Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium known for its resilience and slow growth.
Classified as a bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs, but can also target other areas.
Incubation period typically ranges from a few weeks to several months, depending on the individual's immune response.
Primarily transmitted through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
Diagnosis often involves a combination of skin tests (Mantoux), blood tests (IGRA), chest X-rays, and sputum cultures; treatment includes a regimen of antibiotics over several months.
Control policies focus on early detection, treatment adherence, vaccination (BCG vaccine), and public health education to reduce transmission.
Common signs and symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood, fatigue, weight loss, fever, and night sweats.

Polio

Poliomyelitis is caused by the poliovirus, an enterovirus that primarily affects the nervous system.
Transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water, with potential for respiratory transmission in بعض الحالات.
Symptoms can vary from mild flu-like signs to severe manifestations such as paralysis and respiratory failure.
Effective vaccines (OPV and IPV) have drastically reduced incidence globally; extensive immunization programs are critical for control and eradication.
Post-polio syndrome may occur in some individuals years after recovery, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue.

Description

This quiz explores two significant infectious diseases: Tuberculosis and Polio. Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods for each disease. Additionally, understand the public health measures in place to control their spread.