Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the Trimodal Mortality Model suggest about early death in trauma?
What does the Trimodal Mortality Model suggest about early death in trauma?
Which of the following is a cause of immediate death according to the Trimodal Mortality Model?
Which of the following is a cause of immediate death according to the Trimodal Mortality Model?
What does the color red signify in triage categorization?
What does the color red signify in triage categorization?
What is the primary survey in trauma management focused on?
What is the primary survey in trauma management focused on?
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What does the mnemonic 'ABCDE' represent in the primary survey?
What does the mnemonic 'ABCDE' represent in the primary survey?
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What is assessed during the secondary survey?
What is assessed during the secondary survey?
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The information from the AMPLE history includes which of the following?
The information from the AMPLE history includes which of the following?
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What is the purpose of the tertiary survey?
What is the purpose of the tertiary survey?
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Study Notes
Trimodal Mortality Model for Trauma
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Early Death: Occurs within hours of hospital arrival.
- Common causes include intracranial hemorrhage, internal hemorrhage affecting respiratory and abdominal organs, severe blood loss from multiple injuries, tension pneumothorax, and cardiac tamponade.
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Immediate Death: Happens within minutes post-injury.
- Typically declared dead at the scene or shortly after arrival due to irreversible brain injury or massive hemorrhage from critical injuries (heart, aorta, liver, lungs, pelvic fractures).
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Late Death: Occurs days to weeks after injury.
- Often due to complications like sepsis or multiple organ failure.
Triage
- Triage involves sorting victims based on injury severity, survival likelihood, and urgency of care, particularly in mass-casualty scenarios.
- Triage categorizes patients using color-coded tags:
- Red (Immediate): Most critically injured, requiring urgent care (e.g., major head injuries, thoracic or abdominal injuries).
- Yellow (Delayed): Critically injured but stable, requiring hospital treatment.
- Green (Ambulatory): No life-threatening injuries, can walk.
- Black (Expectant): Dead or in a moribund state.
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Survey
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Primary Survey: Focuses on identifying and treating life-threatening injuries using the 'ABCDE' mnemonic.
- A: Airway maintenance with cervical spine protection.
- B: Breathing assessment and support.
- C: Circulation evaluation and hemorrhage control.
- D: Disability assessment (brief neurological examination).
- E: Exposure/environmental control.
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Secondary Survey: Involves a systematic head-to-toe assessment for injuries.
- Includes a thorough inspection of abdominal, pelvic, and thoracic areas, as well as neurological evaluation.
- Patients are asked for an AMPLE history:
- A: Allergies.
- M: Medications.
- P: Past illnesses or pregnancies.
- L: Last meal.
- E: Events related to the injury.
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Tertiary Survey: Comprehensive evaluation after initial resuscitation, usually about 24 hours post-admission.
- Includes physical examination and targeted radiographic imaging (like X-rays or CT scans) based on initial findings.
- Aims to reduce delays in diagnosing life-threatening injuries.
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Description
This quiz covers the Trimodal Mortality Model, detailing early, immediate, and late death in trauma patients. It also explains the principles of triage in mass-casualty situations, including the use of color-coded tags for patient categorization. Test your knowledge on these critical concepts in trauma care.
