Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3) supplies the muscles of mastication?
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3) supplies the muscles of mastication?
Which of the following structures is NOT supplied by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Which of the following structures is NOT supplied by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
What is the name of the branch of the mandibular nerve (V3) that supplies the muscles of the tongue?
What is the name of the branch of the mandibular nerve (V3) that supplies the muscles of the tongue?
Which nerve exits the skull through the foramen ovale?
Which nerve exits the skull through the foramen ovale?
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What is the main function of the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (V3)?
What is the main function of the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (V3)?
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Which nerve is responsible for the elevation of the jaw?
Which nerve is responsible for the elevation of the jaw?
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What is the main action of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
What is the main action of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
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Which muscle receives innervation from the masseteric nerve?
Which muscle receives innervation from the masseteric nerve?
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The auriculotemporal nerve is primarily a sensory nerve with autonomic functions associated with which gland?
The auriculotemporal nerve is primarily a sensory nerve with autonomic functions associated with which gland?
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What structure does the long buccal nerve primarily supply?
What structure does the long buccal nerve primarily supply?
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What structures does the lingual nerve supply?
What structures does the lingual nerve supply?
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Which nerve divides into the mental nerve and incisive nerve near the premolars?
Which nerve divides into the mental nerve and incisive nerve near the premolars?
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What is the primary function of the mylohyoid nerve?
What is the primary function of the mylohyoid nerve?
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Which nerve primarily supplies the skin of the chin and lower lip?
Which nerve primarily supplies the skin of the chin and lower lip?
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Where does the mandibular nerve exit the skull?
Where does the mandibular nerve exit the skull?
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Which part of the tongue does the lingual nerve NOT supply?
Which part of the tongue does the lingual nerve NOT supply?
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Which structure does the inferior alveolar nerve NOT provide motor innervation to?
Which structure does the inferior alveolar nerve NOT provide motor innervation to?
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What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve classified as?
What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve classified as?
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Flashcards
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
The largest cranial nerve with three divisions: V1 (Ophthalmic), V2 (Maxillary), V3 (Mandibular).
Mandibular Branch (V3)
Mandibular Branch (V3)
The largest division of the trigeminal nerve that exits the skull through Foramen Ovale, carrying sensory and motor fibers.
Supplies by V3
Supplies by V3
V3 supplies sensory to mandibular teeth, anterior 2/3 tongue, lower face skin, and motor to muscles of mastication.
Branches of V3
Branches of V3
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Relevance to Dentistry
Relevance to Dentistry
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Medial Pterygoid Nerve
Medial Pterygoid Nerve
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Masseter Muscle
Masseter Muscle
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Temporalis Muscle
Temporalis Muscle
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Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
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Lingual Nerve
Lingual Nerve
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Pterygomandibular space
Pterygomandibular space
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Inferior Alveolar Nerve
Inferior Alveolar Nerve
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Mental Nerve
Mental Nerve
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Incisive Nerve
Incisive Nerve
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Mylohyoid Nerve
Mylohyoid Nerve
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Trigeminal Nerve
Trigeminal Nerve
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Mandibular Nerve (V3)
Mandibular Nerve (V3)
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Study Notes
Trigeminal Nerve - Mandibular Branch (V3)
- The trigeminal nerve is the largest of the 5th cranial nerves.
- Knowledge of the trigeminal nerve is crucial for dental professionals.
- It has three divisions: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3).
- The mandibular branch (V3) is the largest of the three.
- It exits the skull via the foramen ovale.
- It carries both sensory and motor fibers.
GDC Learning Outcomes
- Describe relevant and appropriate dental, oral, craniofacial, and general anatomy.
- Explain how this anatomy applies to patient management.
Intended Learning Outcomes
- Describe the function of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
- Outline the anatomical regions supplied by the mandibular branch.
- Explain the relevance of the mandibular branch to dentistry.
Why Study This?
- Understanding cranial nerves is essential for dental professionals.
- Understanding the branches of the trigeminal nerve allows for appropriate treatment strategies.
Resources
- Anatomy.tv
- Acland's Video Atlas of Human Anatomy
- Netter's Head and Neck Anatomy (for Dentistry)
- Teach Me Anatomy
Anatomical Course
- The mandibular branch has a small anterior trunk and a larger posterior trunk.
- It has branches (before division) : a meningeal branch, and a nerve to the medial pterygoid muscle.
Branches of V3
- Anterior Trunk Branches: Masseteric nerve, Deep temporal nerves, Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle, Long buccal nerve.
- Posterior Trunk Branches: Auriculotemporal nerve, Lingual nerve, Inferior alveolar nerve.
Muscles of Mastication
- The medial pterygoid nerve (motor) enters the deep surface of the medial pterygoid muscle.
- It also supplies tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini muscles..
- It elevates the jaw.
- Masseter: elevates the mandible (mouth closing), first branch of the anterior trunk, crosses masseter between coronoid process and condyle of mandible, gives an articular branch to TMJ.
- Temporalis: elevates the mandible (mouth closing).
- Lateral pterygoid: depresses the mandible (mouth opening).
- Note the relationship and functional interdependencies of cranial nerve V3 and masticatory muscles.
Long Buccal Nerve
- The only sensory branch of the anterior trunk.
- Emerges between heads of lateral pterygoid and runs on the lateral surface of the buccinator muscle.
- Close to the retromolar fossa of the mandible.
- Gives branches to the skin of the cheek.
- Pierces buccinator to supply buccal sulcus and buccal gingivae of mandibular molars and premolars.
Auriculotemporal Nerve (A)
- A sensory branch of the posterior trunk.
- Autonomic fibers to the parotid gland via the otic ganglion.
- Two roots unite and run backward under the lateral pterygoid muscle.
- Lies between the condyle and sphenomandibular ligament.
- Emerges between the TMJ and external auditory meatus.
- Finally ascends on the side of the head.
Lingual Nerve
- A sensory branch of the posterior trunk.
- Unites with chorda tympani branch of facial nerve and receives parasympathetic fibers for submandibular and sublingual glands.
- Emerges from under lateral pterygoid muscle and curves downwards & forwards between ramus of mandible & medial pterygoid muscle (pterygomandibular space).
- Lies anterior to, but deeper than, the inferior alveolar nerve.
- Passes towards the floor of the mouth.
- Twists around the submandibular duct entering the tongue behind the sublingual salivary gland.
- Supplies: mucosa covering anterior 2/3 dorsum of tongue, under surface of tongue, floor of mouth, and lingual gingivae of mandibular teeth.
Inferior Alveolar (Dental) Nerve
- Sensory and motor nerve.
- Descends deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle behind the lingual nerve.
- Enters the mandibular foramen.
- Travels in the inferior dental or mandibular canal in the mandible.
- Divides near the premolars into the mental nerve and incisive nerve.
- Mental nerve emerges at the mental foramen.
- Incisive nerve runs anteriorly in the incisive canal.
Branches of Inferior Alveolar Nerve
- Inferior Alveolar Nerve: Supplies mandibular molars and premolars and their supporting structures (e.g., gingivae).
- Mental Nerve: Supplies skin of chin, lower lip, and labial gingivae of anterior mandibular teeth.
- Incisive Nerve: Innervates mandibular incisors and canines.
- Mylohyoid Nerve: Gives off just before the mandibular foramen, runs in the mylohyoid groove to supply the mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of digastric (motor). Depresses the mandible (on a fixed hyoid) or elevates the hyoid in swallowing.
Trigeminal and facial nerve examination
- Procedures for examining both trigeminal and facial nerves.
Summary
- The trigeminal nerve is the largest and 5th cranial nerve.
- It has three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular.
- The mandibular branch exits via the foramen ovale.
- It supplies the mandibular teeth, supporting structures, anterior 2/3 of the tongue, floor of mouth, and muscles of mastication.
References
- Various online resources are available.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, crucial for dental professionals. It covers anatomy, function, and relevance to patient management in dentistry. Test your knowledge of the essential roles this nerve plays in craniofacial anatomy.
