Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the medial pterygoid muscle?
Which nerve primarily supplies the masseter muscle?
What functions does the auriculotemporal nerve serve?
What is a correct function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
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Which muscular action predominantly occurs with the temporalis muscle?
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Which function is NOT associated with the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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Which anatomical structure does the mandibular branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve NOT directly supply?
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Where does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve exit the skull?
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Which of the following is primarily a motor function of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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Which branch does NOT originate from the anterior trunk of the mandibular branch (V3)?
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What anatomical structure does the lingual nerve twist around?
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Which of the following areas does the lingual nerve NOT supply?
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Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the mandibular incisors?
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Which function is NOT associated with the mylohyoid nerve?
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What is the primary function of the inferior alveolar nerve?
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Which structure is supplied by the mental nerve?
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What is the function of the inferior alveolar nerve in relation to the mandibular canines?
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Which area does the mandibular nerve NOT supply?
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Study Notes
Trigeminal Nerve - Mandibular Branch (V3)
- The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve.
- Knowledge of the trigeminal nerve is crucial for dental professionals.
- It has three divisions: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3).
- The mandibular branch (V3) is the largest of these divisions.
- It leaves the skull at the foramen ovale.
- It contains both sensory and motor fibers.
Learning Outcomes
- Describe the function of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
- Outline the anatomical regions supplied by the mandibular branch.
- Explain the relevance of the mandibular branch to dentistry.
What is supplied?
-
Sensory:
- Mandibular teeth and supporting structures
- Mucosa of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and floor of the mouth
- Skin of the lower face
- Parts of the temporal region and outer ear
-
Motor:
- Muscles of mastication (chewing)
- Mylohyoid muscle
- Anterior belly of digastric muscle
- Tensor veli palatini muscle
- Tensor tympani muscle
Anatomical Course
- Shortly after leaving the skull, the mandibular branch divides into a small anterior trunk and a larger posterior trunk.
- Branches before division include:
- Meningeal branch
- Nerve to the medial pterygoid muscle
Branches of V3
-
Anterior Trunk Branches:
- Masseteric nerve
- Deep temporal nerves
- Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle
- Long buccal nerve
-
Posterior Trunk Branches:
- Auriculotemporal nerve
- Lingual nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve
Muscles of Mastication
-
Medial pterygoid:
- Enters the deep surface of the muscle
- Supplies tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini
- Action: elevates the jaw
-
Masseter:
- First branch of the anterior trunk
- Crosses the mandible between the coronoid process and condyle
- Gives an articular branch to the temporomandibular joint(TMJ)
- Action: elevates the mandible (mouth closing)
-
Temporalis:
- Anterior and deep temporal nerves
- Action: elevates the mandible (mouth closing)
-
Lateral pterygoid:
- Nerve may run part-way with the long buccal nerve
- Action: depresses the mandible (mouth opening)
Long Buccal Nerve
- The only sensory branch of the anterior trunk.
- Emerges between the heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle.
- Runs on the lateral surface of the buccinator muscle.
- Gives branches to the skin of the cheek.
- Pierces the buccinator to supply the buccal sulcus and buccal gingivae of mandibular molars and premolars
Auriculotemporal Nerve
- First branch of the posterior trunk.
- Has sensory function.
- Has autonomic connections to the parotid gland via the otic ganglion.
- Two roots unite and run backwards under the lateral pterygoid muscle, lying between the condyle and sphenomandibular ligament.
- Emerges between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the external auditory meatus.
- Finally ascends on the side of the head.
Lingual Nerve
- Second branch of the posterior trunk.
- Sensory.
- Unites with the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve.
- Receives parasympathetic fibers for submandibular and sublingual glands .
- Emerges from under the lateral pterygoid muscle, curving downward and forward between the ramus of the mandible and medial pterygoid muscle (pterygomandibular space).
- Lies anterior to, but deeper than, the inferior alveolar nerve.
- Passes toward the floor of the mouth.
- Twists around the submandibular duct and enters the tongue behind the sublingual salivary gland.
- Supplies:
- Mucosa covering the anterior two-thirds of the tongue's dorsum
- Under surface of the tongue
- Floor of the mouth
- Lingual gingivae of mandibular teeth
Inferior Alveolar Nerve
- Sensory and motor.
- Descends deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle behind the lingual nerve.
- Enters the mandibular foramen.
- Travels in the inferior dental or mandibular canal in the mandible.
- Divides near the premolars into the mental nerve and incisive nerve.
- Mental nerve : Emerges at the mental foramen
- Incisive nerve : Runs anteriorly in the incisive canal.
- Supplies mandibular molars, premolars, and supporting structures (e.g., gingivae).
- Supplies skin of the chin, lower lip, and the labial gingivae of anterior mandibular teeth.
- Innervates mandibular incisors and canines.
- Mylohyoid nerve is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve.
- Given off before the mandibular foramen.
- Runs in the mylohyoid groove.
- Supplies the mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of digastric muscle.
- Action: Depresses the mandible
Nerve Blocks
- Information about different nerve blocks (e.g., inferior alveolar nerve block, mental nerve block).
Trigeminal and Facial Nerve Examination
- Description of examination procedures
Summary
- The trigeminal nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves.
- The trigeminal nerve has three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular.
- Mandibular branch (V3) exits the skull through the foramen ovale.
- V3 supplies mandibular teeth, supporting structures, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, muscles of mastication, and more.
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Description
Explore the crucial functions of the mandibular branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve. This quiz covers its sensory and motor components, anatomical regions supplied, and its significance to dental professionals. Enhance your understanding of this critical cranial nerve's role in dental practice.
