Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
Which nerve supplies the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?
Which muscle of mastication is primarily responsible for elevating the mandible?
What is the role of the auriculotemporal nerve in relation to the parotid gland?
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What does the long buccal nerve supply?
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Which nerve is the only motor nerve of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve?
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Which of the following actions do the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles assist with?
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Which nerve runs alongside the glossopharyngeal nerve?
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What function does the lingual nerve serve and what does it unite with?
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Which nerve emerges between the heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
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What is one of the primary functions of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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Which structure does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve leave the skull through?
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Which areas of the face does the mandibular branch supply sensory innervation to?
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What type of fibers are present in the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT innervated by the mandibular branch?
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What is the primary function of the lingual nerve?
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What is the function of the tensor veli palatini muscle, which is innervated by the mandibular branch?
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Where does the inferior alveolar nerve enter the mandible?
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Which of the following areas is NOT supplied by the mandibular branch?
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What does the mental nerve primarily supply?
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Which of the following branches is part of the anterior trunk of the mandibular branch?
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Which of the following statements about the trigeminal nerve is true?
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What muscle does the mylohyoid nerve innervate?
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What structures does the inferior alveolar nerve supply?
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What anatomical structures does the mandibular branch provide sensation to?
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Which of the following is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve?
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What is the trigeminal nerve's cranial nerve number?
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What happens to the lingual nerve during an inferior alveolar nerve block?
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Which area does the inferior alveolar nerve primarily innervate?
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What function does the mylohyoid nerve provide?
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Study Notes
Trigeminal Nerve - Mandibular Branch (V3)
- The mandibular branch (V3) is the largest of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve.
- It exits the skull through the foramen ovale.
- It contains both sensory and motor fibers.
- It supplies sensation to the mandibular teeth and their supporting structures.
- It provides sensory input to the mucosa of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the floor of the mouth.
- It also supplies sensation to parts of the lower face, temporal region, and outer ear.
- The mandibular branch innervates the muscles of mastication (chewing).
Divisions
- The trigeminal nerve has three divisions: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3).
Learning Outcomes
- Describe the function of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
- Outline the anatomical regions it supplies.
- Explain the importance of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve to dentistry.
Why Know This?
- The three terminal branches of the trigeminal nerve innervate skin, mucous membranes, and sinuses of the face.
- The nerve provides sensation to mandibular teeth.
- Knowledge of this nerve is vital for local anesthetic procedures.
Anatomical Course
- Shortly after leaving the skull, the nerve divides into a smaller anterior trunk and a larger posterior trunk.
- Branches emerge from the nerve before division, including the meningeal branch and the nerve to the medial pterygoid muscle.
Branches of V3
Anterior Trunk Branches
- Masseteric nerve (motor)
- Deep temporal nerves (motor)
- Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle (motor)
- Long buccal nerve (sensory)
Posterior Trunk Branches
- Auriculotemporal nerve (sensory)
- Lingual nerve (sensory) (also receives parasympathetic fibers from the chorda tympani)
- Inferior alveolar nerve(sensory and motor) (divides into mental and incisive nerves)
- Mylohyoid nerve (motor)
Muscles of Mastication
- Medial pterygoid nerve (motor)
- Enters the deep surface of the muscle.
- Also supplies the tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini.
- Action: elevates the jaw.
- Masseteric nerve (motor): elevates the mandible.
- Temporalis nerve (motor): elevates the mandible.
- Lateral pterygoid nerve (motor): depresses the mandible.
Long Buccal Nerve
- The only sensory branch of the anterior trunk.
- Emerges between the lateral pterygoid heads.
- Runs on the lateral surface of the buccinator muscle.
- Gives branches to the skin of the cheek.
- Pierces the buccinator to supply buccal sulcus and buccal gingivae of mandibular molars and premolars.
Auriculotemporal Nerve
- First branch of the posterior trunk (sensory).
- Contains autonomic fibers to the parotid gland via otic ganglion.
- Two roots unite and lie between the condyle and sphenomandibular ligament.
- Emerges between the TMJ and external auditory meatus.
Lingual Nerve
- Second branch of the posterior trunk.
- Sensory: supplies anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the floor of the mouth.
- Unites with the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve.
- Receives parasympathetic fibers for submandibular and sublingual glands.
- Emerges from under the lateral pterygoid muscle.
- Curves downwards and forward between the ramus of the mandible and the medial pterygoid muscle.
- Lies anterior but deeper than the inferior alveolar nerve.
- Passes towards the floor of the mouth.
- Twists around the submandibular duct and enters behind the sublingual salivary gland.
- Supplies anterior two-thirds of the tongue's dorsal surface, the floor of the mouth, and the lingual gingivae of the mandibular teeth.
Inferior Alveolar (Dental) Nerve
- A mixed (sensory and motor) nerve.
- Descends deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle, behind the lingual nerve.
- Enters the mandibular foramen.
- Travels in the inferior dental or mandibular canal in the mandible.
- Divides near the premolars into the mental and incisive nerves.
- Mental nerve emerges at the mental foramen.
- Incisive nerve runs anteriorly in the incisive canal.
Branches of Inferior Alveolar Nerve
- Inferior Alveolar Nerve: supplies mandibular molars, premolars, and their supporting structures (e.g., gingivae)
- Mental Nerve: supplies skin of chin and lower lip, and labial gingivae of anterior mandibular teeth
- Incisive Nerve: innervates mandibular incisors and canines.
Mylohyoid Nerve
- Given off just before the mandibular foramen.
- Runs in the mylohyoid groove to supply the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric.
- Motor function.
Nerve Blocks
- ID (inferior alveolar nerve block)
- Mental nerve block
Examinations
- Trigeminal and facial nerve examination
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Description
This quiz explores the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, its functions, and the anatomical regions it supplies. Participants will learn about its sensory and motor fibers, as well as its significance in dentistry. Understanding this branch is crucial for comprehending dental procedures and facial sensation.
