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Questions and Answers
What structures does the maxillary nerve (V2) supply?
What structures does the maxillary nerve (V2) supply?
Which nerve is the terminal branch of the maxillary nerve?
Which nerve is the terminal branch of the maxillary nerve?
What does the middle superior alveolar nerve primarily supply?
What does the middle superior alveolar nerve primarily supply?
Which area is NOT supplied by the terminal branches of the infra-orbital nerve?
Which area is NOT supplied by the terminal branches of the infra-orbital nerve?
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Which nerve pierces bone to supply the maxillary sinus?
Which nerve pierces bone to supply the maxillary sinus?
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Which nerve supplies the oral mucosa around the incisive papilla?
Which nerve supplies the oral mucosa around the incisive papilla?
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What does the Greater Palatine Nerve primarily supply?
What does the Greater Palatine Nerve primarily supply?
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What area does the Lesser Palatine Nerve innervate?
What area does the Lesser Palatine Nerve innervate?
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Which cranial nerve division is responsible for supplying the maxillary teeth?
Which cranial nerve division is responsible for supplying the maxillary teeth?
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Which structure does the Zygomatic Nerve NOT innervate?
Which structure does the Zygomatic Nerve NOT innervate?
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Which of the following structures does the maxillary nerve (V2) pass into after exiting the foramen rotundum?
Which of the following structures does the maxillary nerve (V2) pass into after exiting the foramen rotundum?
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Which of the following nerves is NOT a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (V1)?
Which of the following nerves is NOT a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (V1)?
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Which of the following structures does the ophthalmic nerve (V1) traverse through to reach the brain?
Which of the following structures does the ophthalmic nerve (V1) traverse through to reach the brain?
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Which of the following is NOT a structure supplied by the ophthalmic nerve (V1)?
Which of the following is NOT a structure supplied by the ophthalmic nerve (V1)?
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Which branch of the ophthalmic nerve (V1) provides sensory innervation to the ciliary ganglion?
Which branch of the ophthalmic nerve (V1) provides sensory innervation to the ciliary ganglion?
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What is the name of the area within the brain stem where signals from the trigeminal nerve converge?
What is the name of the area within the brain stem where signals from the trigeminal nerve converge?
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What is the foramen through which mandibular nerve (V3) leaves the cranium?
What is the foramen through which mandibular nerve (V3) leaves the cranium?
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Which cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure besides the ophthalmic nerve (V1)?
Which cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure besides the ophthalmic nerve (V1)?
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What are the primary responsibilities of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?
What are the primary responsibilities of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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Which anatomical structure does the maxillary branch exit from the skull?
Which anatomical structure does the maxillary branch exit from the skull?
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Which of the following regions is NOT supplied by the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Which of the following regions is NOT supplied by the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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What is the origin of the trigeminal nerve from the brain?
What is the origin of the trigeminal nerve from the brain?
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Which division of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of mastication?
Which division of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of mastication?
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Which function does NOT belong to the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Which function does NOT belong to the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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In which anatomical space does the maxillary branch enter after leaving the foramen rotundum?
In which anatomical space does the maxillary branch enter after leaving the foramen rotundum?
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Which of the following is a correct function of the trigeminal nerve as a whole?
Which of the following is a correct function of the trigeminal nerve as a whole?
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Flashcards
Maxillary Nerve (V2)
Maxillary Nerve (V2)
Sensory nerve supplying maxillary region including teeth and palate.
Infra-orbital Nerve
Infra-orbital Nerve
Terminal branch of maxillary nerve entering the face at the infra-orbital foramen.
Terminal branches of Infra-orbital Nerve
Terminal branches of Infra-orbital Nerve
Branches including palpebral, nasal, and labial nerves that supply the face.
Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve
Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve
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Middle & Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerves
Middle & Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerves
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Trigeminal Nerve
Trigeminal Nerve
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Maxillary Branch (V2)
Maxillary Branch (V2)
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Branches of Trigeminal Nerve
Branches of Trigeminal Nerve
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Functions of Trigeminal Nerve
Functions of Trigeminal Nerve
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Sensory Supply of V2
Sensory Supply of V2
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Motor Supply of V2
Motor Supply of V2
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Origin of Trigeminal Nerve
Origin of Trigeminal Nerve
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Exit Pathways
Exit Pathways
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Foramen Ovale
Foramen Ovale
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Gasserion Ganglion
Gasserion Ganglion
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Trigeminal Nerve Nucleus
Trigeminal Nerve Nucleus
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Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)
Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)
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Branches of Ophthalmic Nerve
Branches of Ophthalmic Nerve
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Pterygo-maxillary Fissure
Pterygo-maxillary Fissure
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Foramen Rotundum
Foramen Rotundum
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Greater Palatine Nerve
Greater Palatine Nerve
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Nasopalatine Nerve
Nasopalatine Nerve
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Lesser Palatine Nerve
Lesser Palatine Nerve
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Zygomatic Nerve
Zygomatic Nerve
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Study Notes
Trigeminal Nerve - Maxillary Branch (V2)
- The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve.
- Knowledge of this nerve is crucial for dental professionals.
- It has three divisions: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3).
- The maxillary branch (V2) functions in sensing facial touch, pain, and temperature.
- It also controls muscles used for chewing.
- Its function is important for dentistry.
Intended Learning Outcomes
- Describe the function of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V).
- Outline the anatomical regions this nerve supplies.
- Explain the relevance of this nerve to dentistry.
Nerve Roots
- Each trigeminal nerve is a short trunk made up of two roots.
- Motor root (thinner).
- Sensory root (thicker).
- The trigeminal nerve is distinct from the facial nerve (CN VII), which controls other facial movements.
What is Supplied?
- Sensory (afferent) roots:
- Maxillary dentition
- Mandibular dentition
- Skin of face and head
- Oral mucosa
- Nasal mucosa
- Air sinuses
- Meninges
- Motor (efferent) roots:
- Muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, anterior belly of digastric)
- Mylohyoid
- Tensor tympani
- Tensor veli palatini
Brain Origin
- Arises from the pons.
- Contains one motor nucleus and three sensory nuclei.
Pathway from Skull
- The three branches of the trigeminal nerve exit the middle cranial fossa at different locations.
- Ophthalmic (V1) exits through the superior orbital fissure.
- Maxillary (V2) exits via the foramen rotundum, then through pterygopalatine fossa and infra-orbital canal to infraorbital foramen.
- Mandibular (V3) exits via the foramen ovale.
Gasserion Ganglion
- The three divisions of the trigeminal nerve come together in the Gasserion ganglion area.
- Within the brain stem, signals traveling through the trigeminal nerve reach specialized clusters of neurons called the trigeminal nerve nucleus.
Ophthalmic Nerve (V1)
- The smallest division of the trigeminal nerve.
- Serves as an afferent nerve to the conjunctiva, cornea, eyeball, orbit, forehead, ethmoidal and frontal sinuses, and portions of the dura mater.
- Carries information to the brain via the superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone.
- Traversed by cranial nerves II, IV and VI as well.
Branches of Ophthalmic Nerve
- Sub-branches of the ophthalmic nerve innervate the following areas:
- Lacrimal nerve
- Frontal nerve
- Nasociliary nerve
Pterygo-maxillary Fissure
- Lies between the posterior surface of the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone.
- Fills the triangular gap between the lower ends of the medial and lateral pterygoid plates.
- The pterygomaxillary fissure leads into the pterygopalatine fossa.
- It is entered by the maxillary nerve through the foramen rotundum.
Maxillary Nerve (V2)
- Exits the skull via the foramen rotundum and enters the pterygopalatine fossa.
- Divides into four branches:
- Zygomatic
- Infraorbital
- Posterior Superior Alveolar
- Pterygopalatine
Maxillary Nerve (V2) -Additional Points
- Sensory fibers only.
- Parts of the nerve originate from the embryonic maxillary process.
- It supplies the maxillary teeth and supporting structures, the hard and soft palate, the maxillary sinus, and much of the nasal cavity.
- It also supplies skin over the middle part of the face.
Infraorbital Nerve
- The terminal branch of the maxillary nerve.
- Enters the orbit at the inferior orbital fissure and runs in the infra-orbital groove.
- Exits the orbit at the infra-orbital foramen and runs onto the face.
- Divides into three branches:
- Middle superior alveolar nerve
- Anterior superior alveolar nerve
- Terminal branches (palpebral, nasal, labial).
Terminal Branches
- Arise at the infra-orbital foramen.
- Palpebral nerve supplies the skin of the lower eyelid.
- Nasal nerve supplies the skin of the side of the nose.
- Labial nerve supplies the skin and oral mucosa of the upper lip, labial gingivae, anterior maxillary teeth, and skin of the cheek.
Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve (C)
- Leaves the pterygopalatine fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure.
- Runs onto the tuberosity of the maxilla and innervates the buccal gingiva of the maxillary molars.
- Pierces bone to reach maxillary sinus and innervates the maxillary molar teeth (3rd, 2nd, 1st).
Middle & Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerves (G)
- Arise from the infra-orbital nerve in the orbit.
- Middle nerve supplies maxillary premolars and the mesiobuccal root of the first maxillary molar.
- Anterior nerve supplies maxillary incisors and canines.
Pterygopalatine Nerves
- Three branches of the maxillary nerve located within the pterygopalatine fossa:
- Greater Palatine
- Lesser Palatine
- Nasopalatine
Greater Palatine Nerve
- Passes through the greater palatine canal and exits onto the hard palate at the greater palatine foramen.
- Supplies most of the hard palate mucosa and palatal gingiva, excluding the incisive papilla.
- Gives off nasal branches in the lateral nasal fossa.
Lesser Palatine Nerve
- Passes through the greater palatine canal and exits at lesser palatine foramen.
- Supplies the soft palate.
Nasopalatine Nerve
- Enters the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen.
- Supplies part of the nasal septum.
- Passes through the incisive canal on the hard palate and supplies the oral mucosa around the incisive papilla.
Zygomatic Nerve
- Travels anteriorly to enter the orbit via the inferior orbital fissure.
- Divides into:
- Zygomaticotemporal nerve (sensory innervation to the temple)
- Zygomaticofacial nerve (innervates skin of the cheek).
- Emerges on the face through zygomaticofacial foramen, and innervates skin on the prominence of the cheeks.
Summary
- The trigeminal nerve is the 5th and largest cranial nerve.
- The trigeminal nerve has three divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular).
- The ophthalmic nerve goes through the superior orbital fissure.
- The maxillary nerve passes through the foramen rotundum.
- The maxillary nerve supplies maxillary teeth, supporting structures, hard/soft palate, maxillary sinuses, and facial skin.
Additional information
- Diagrams and anatomical illustrations of the nerve pathways and structures related to cranial nerves.
- Important terms and concepts related to the branches of the maxillary nerve.
- Potential clinical significance, and relevance for various dental procedures.
- Techniques and approaches to anesthetic interventions in relation to the maxillary nerve.
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Description
This quiz explores the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve, its functions, and its significance in dentistry. Participants will learn about the anatomical regions supplied by this nerve and its role in sensory perception and chewing. Ideal for dental professionals and students alike.
