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Questions and Answers
What is one primary function of the mandibular branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve?
What is one primary function of the mandibular branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve?
Which muscle is NOT innervated by the mandibular branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve?
Which muscle is NOT innervated by the mandibular branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve?
At which anatomical location does the mandibular branch (V3) exit the skull?
At which anatomical location does the mandibular branch (V3) exit the skull?
Which of the following structures does the lingual nerve, a branch of V3, provide sensory innervation to?
Which of the following structures does the lingual nerve, a branch of V3, provide sensory innervation to?
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What is the primary action of the medial pterygoid muscle?
What is the primary action of the medial pterygoid muscle?
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What type of fibers does the mandibular branch (V3) contain?
What type of fibers does the mandibular branch (V3) contain?
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Which nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the buccal area?
Which nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the buccal area?
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Which mastication muscle is mainly responsible for closing the mouth?
Which mastication muscle is mainly responsible for closing the mouth?
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Which nerve provides autonomic fibers to the parotid gland?
Which nerve provides autonomic fibers to the parotid gland?
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Where does the lingual nerve emerge in relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle?
Where does the lingual nerve emerge in relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle?
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Which area is supplied by the lingual nerve?
Which area is supplied by the lingual nerve?
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What distinguishes the inferior alveolar nerve from the mental nerve?
What distinguishes the inferior alveolar nerve from the mental nerve?
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Which of the following branches of the inferior alveolar nerve is responsible for motor innervation?
Which of the following branches of the inferior alveolar nerve is responsible for motor innervation?
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What is the primary function of the trigeminal nerve?
What is the primary function of the trigeminal nerve?
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What structure does the inferior alveolar nerve enter before traveling through the mandible?
What structure does the inferior alveolar nerve enter before traveling through the mandible?
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Which part of the trigeminal nerve specifically supplies the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Which part of the trigeminal nerve specifically supplies the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
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How does the lingual nerve interact with the submandibular duct?
How does the lingual nerve interact with the submandibular duct?
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What does the mental nerve primarily innervate?
What does the mental nerve primarily innervate?
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Which area is directly supplied by the sensory fibers of the mandibular branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve?
Which area is directly supplied by the sensory fibers of the mandibular branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve?
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What is the largest branch of the trigeminal nerve?
What is the largest branch of the trigeminal nerve?
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Which structure is NOT supplied by the mandibular branch (V3) sensory fibers?
Which structure is NOT supplied by the mandibular branch (V3) sensory fibers?
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What is the primary motor function of branches from the anterior trunk of the mandibular branch (V3)?
What is the primary motor function of branches from the anterior trunk of the mandibular branch (V3)?
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What is the course of the mandibular branch (V3) shortly after it exits the skull?
What is the course of the mandibular branch (V3) shortly after it exits the skull?
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Which muscle is directly innervated by the mandibular branch (V3)?
Which muscle is directly innervated by the mandibular branch (V3)?
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Which of the following structures is NOT a branch of the posterior trunk of the mandibular branch (V3)?
Which of the following structures is NOT a branch of the posterior trunk of the mandibular branch (V3)?
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Which of the following best describes the function of the auriculotemporal nerve, a branch of V3?
Which of the following best describes the function of the auriculotemporal nerve, a branch of V3?
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Which branch of the mandibular nerve is responsible for sensation in the floor of the mouth?
Which branch of the mandibular nerve is responsible for sensation in the floor of the mouth?
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Which muscle of mastication primarily depresses the mandible?
Which muscle of mastication primarily depresses the mandible?
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What is the primary action of the masseter muscle?
What is the primary action of the masseter muscle?
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Which nerve is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the buccal region?
Which nerve is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the buccal region?
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Which nerve supplies the medial pterygoid muscle and is also involved in the innervation of tensor tympani?
Which nerve supplies the medial pterygoid muscle and is also involved in the innervation of tensor tympani?
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What anatomical relationship describes the emergence of the auriculotemporal nerve?
What anatomical relationship describes the emergence of the auriculotemporal nerve?
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Which muscle's contraction assists in elevating the jaw?
Which muscle's contraction assists in elevating the jaw?
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What is the function of the lingual nerve in relation to glandular innervation?
What is the function of the lingual nerve in relation to glandular innervation?
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What is the primary function of the mylohyoid nerve?
What is the primary function of the mylohyoid nerve?
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Which muscle is predominantly responsible for closing the mouth during chewing?
Which muscle is predominantly responsible for closing the mouth during chewing?
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Which of the following nerves provides sensory innervation to the skin of the chin?
Which of the following nerves provides sensory innervation to the skin of the chin?
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Which area does the inferior alveolar nerve NOT supply?
Which area does the inferior alveolar nerve NOT supply?
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What is the primary role of the long buccal nerve?
What is the primary role of the long buccal nerve?
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Which nerve primarily runs alongside the lateral pterygoid nerve?
Which nerve primarily runs alongside the lateral pterygoid nerve?
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Where does the inferior alveolar nerve enter the mandible?
Where does the inferior alveolar nerve enter the mandible?
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Which nerve is responsible for innervating the floor of the mouth?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the floor of the mouth?
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The incisive nerve innervates which of the following structures?
The incisive nerve innervates which of the following structures?
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What is a characteristic pathway of the lingual nerve?
What is a characteristic pathway of the lingual nerve?
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What division of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for supplying the mandibular teeth?
What division of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for supplying the mandibular teeth?
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What branch of the inferior alveolar nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of the labial gingivae of anterior mandibular teeth?
What branch of the inferior alveolar nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of the labial gingivae of anterior mandibular teeth?
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Which cranial nerve is the trigeminal nerve classified as?
Which cranial nerve is the trigeminal nerve classified as?
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Study Notes
Trigeminal Nerve - Mandibular Branch (V3)
- The trigeminal nerve is the largest of the 5th cranial nerves.
- Knowledge of this nerve is vital for dental professionals.
- It has 3 divisions: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3).
- The mandibular branch (V3) is the largest of the 3 divisions.
- The mandibular branch exits the skull via the foramen ovale.
- It carries both sensory and motor fibres.
Learning Outcomes
- Describe the function of the trigeminal nerve's mandibular branch (CN V3).
- Identify the anatomical regions this branch supplies.
- Understand the mandibular branch's relevance to dentistry.
What is Supplied?
-
Sensory:
- Mandibular teeth and supporting structures
- Mucosa of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and floor of the mouth
- Skin of the lower face
- Parts of the temporal region and outer ear
-
Motor:
- Muscles of mastication
- Mylohyoid
- Anterior belly of digastric
- Tensor veli palatini
- Tensor tympani
Anatomical Course
- Shortly after leaving the skull, the nerve divides into a small anterior trunk and a larger posterior trunk.
- Before division, it produces a meningeal branch and a nerve to the medial pterygoid muscle.
Branches of V3
-
Anterior Trunk Branches:
- Masseteric nerve
- Deep temporal nerves
- Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle
- Long buccal nerve
-
Posterior Trunk Branches:
- Auriculotemporal nerve
- Lingual nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve
Muscles of Mastication
-
Medial Pterygoid Nerve (Motor):
- Enters the deep surface of the muscle.
- Also supplies tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini.
- Action: Elevates the jaw.
-
Masseter:
- First branch of the anterior trunk.
- Crosses the masseter between the coronoid process and the condyle of the mandible.
- Gives an articular branch to the TMJ.
- Elevates the mandible (mouth closing).
-
Temporalis:
- Anterior and deep temporal nerves.
- Elevates the mandible (mouth closing).
-
Lateral pterygoid:
- Nerve to lateral pterygoid may run part way with long buccal nerve.
- Depresses mandible (mouth opening).
Long Buccal Nerve
- The only sensory branch of the anterior trunk.
- Emerges between the heads of lateral pterygoid and runs along the lateral surface of buccinator muscle in cheek, near the retromolar fossa.
- Gives branches to the skin of the cheek.
- Pierces the buccinator to supply buccal sulcus & buccal gingivae of mandibular molars & premolars.
Auriculotemporal Nerve (A)
- First branch of the posterior trunk.
- Sensory.
- Autonomic to parotid gland due to fibres from otic ganglion.
- 2 roots unite and run under lateral pterygoid muscle to lie between condyle and sphenomandibular ligament.
- Emerges between TMJ and external auditory meatus.
- Finally ascends on the side of the head.
Lingual Nerve
- Second branch of the posterior trunk.
- Sensory.
- Unites with chorda tympani branch of facial nerve & receives parasympathetic fibres for submandibular & sublingual glands.
- Emerges from under lateral pterygoid muscle & curves downwards and forwards between ramus of mandible & medial pterygoid muscle (pterygomandibular space).
- Lies anterior to but deeper than inferior alveolar nerve.
- Then passes towards the floor of the mouth.
- Twists around the submandibular duct and enters the tongue behind sublingual salivary gland.
- Supplies: mucosa covering anterior 2/3 dorsum of tongue, under surface of tongue, floor of mouth, & lingual gingivae of mandibular teeth.
Inferior Alveolar (Dental) Nerve
- Sensory and motor.
- Descends deep to lateral pterygoid muscle behind lingual nerve.
- Enters mandibular foramen.
- Travels in inferior dental or mandibular canal in mandible.
- Divides near premolars into mental nerve & incisive nerve.
- Mental nerve emerges at mental foramen.
- Incisive nerve runs anteriorly in incisive canal.
Branches of Inferior Alveolar Nerve
- Mylohyoid nerve (B): Given off just before mandibular foramen. Runs in mylohyoid groove to supply mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of digastric (motor). It depresses the mandible or elevates the hyoid in swallowing.
- Inferior Alveolar Nerve: Supplies mandibular molars & premolars & supporting structures (e.g. gingivae).
- Mental nerve: Supplies skin of chin & lower lip & labial gingivae of anterior mandibular teeth.
- Incisive nerve: Innervates mandibular incisors & canines.
Nerve Blocks
- Information about specific nerve blocks (e.g., ID nerve block, mental nerve block)
- Locations and techniques are discussed during more advanced studies.
Trigeminal and Facial Nerve Examination
- This topic is often covered in clinical settings and not in the fundamental study of trigeminal nerve, in this context examination methods are not described in this summary.
Summary
- The trigeminal nerve is the largest and 5th cranial nerve.
- It has 3 divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular).
- The mandibular nerve exits via the foramen ovale.
- The mandibular branch supplies mandibular teeth, supporting structures, the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, the floor of the mouth and muscles of mastication
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Description
This quiz explores the anatomy and function of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3). It is essential for dental professionals to understand its sensory and motor roles in specific anatomical regions. Test your knowledge on the supplied areas and relevance to dentistry.
