Questions and Answers
Describe the motor function of the temporalis muscle and provide an example of a voluntary action it is involved in.
The motor function of the temporalis muscle is elevation and retraction of the mandible. An example of a voluntary action it is involved in is grinding and biting.
Name the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve responsible for sensory functions and the specific areas they supply sensation to.
The three divisions of the trigeminal nerve responsible for sensory functions are ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular. They supply sensation to specific areas such as the scalp, forehead, upper eyelid, eyeball (ophthalmic), lower eyelid, cheeks, nasal cavity, upper teeth, upper lip (maxillary), and lower lip, lower teeth, tongue, chin, floor of mouth (mandibular).
What is the action of the masseter muscle and provide an example of its involvement in normal and forced mastication?
The action of the masseter muscle is elevation (mouth closure) and retraction of the mandible (mouth opening) in normal and forced mastication.
Explain the action of the pterygoid muscles (medial/lateral pterygoid) and provide an example of a voluntary action they are involved in.
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What are the sensory tests for the trigeminal nerve and their respective functions?
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Study Notes
Motor Functions of Mastication Muscles
- Temporalis muscle: elevates the mandible (lower jawbone) during mastication (chewing); example: closing the jaw to bite into a sandwich
- Masseter muscle: elevates the mandible, assists in closing the jaw; example: normal mastication (chewing food), forced mastication (clenching teeth)
- Medial pterygoid muscle: elevates and protrudes the mandible; example: moving the jaw from side to side while chewing tough food
- Lateral pterygoid muscle: protrudes and depresses the mandible; example: moving the jaw forward and downward to take a bite of food
Divisions of the Trigeminal Nerve
- Ophthalmic division (V1): supplies sensation to the forehead, eyes, and nose
- Maxillary division (V2): supplies sensation to the cheeks and upper jaw
- Mandibular division (V3): supplies sensation to the lower jaw and chin
Sensory Tests for the Trigeminal Nerve
- Corneal reflex test: assesses the ophthalmic division (V1)
- Facial sensitivity test: assesses the maxillary division (V2)
- Mandibular sensitivity test: assesses the mandibular division (V3)
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Description
Test your knowledge of the functions and origins of the trigeminal nerve and its branches. Explore the motor and sensory functions of the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves, as well as their roles in muscle control.
