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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT an upper airway obstructive disease?
Which of the following is NOT an upper airway obstructive disease?
What condition is characterized by accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and pulmonary interstitium?
What condition is characterized by accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and pulmonary interstitium?
Which factor is a risk for secondary pneumothorax in cats?
Which factor is a risk for secondary pneumothorax in cats?
Which of the following is a common cause of pyothorax?
Which of the following is a common cause of pyothorax?
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Which type of lung edema is considered more common, particularly in cats?
Which type of lung edema is considered more common, particularly in cats?
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What characteristics typically describe chylothorax fluid?
What characteristics typically describe chylothorax fluid?
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Which is a contraindication for using a nasoesophageal tube?
Which is a contraindication for using a nasoesophageal tube?
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What is a common indicator for thoracocentesis in dogs?
What is a common indicator for thoracocentesis in dogs?
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Which of the following is a clinical sign of traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Which of the following is a clinical sign of traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
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What is an appropriate management step for a patient suspected to have increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
What is an appropriate management step for a patient suspected to have increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
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Which option describes an indication of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Which option describes an indication of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
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What is the maximum recommended IV dose of hypertonic fluid for dogs per kg of body weight?
What is the maximum recommended IV dose of hypertonic fluid for dogs per kg of body weight?
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What neurological deficit might indicate a need for a pain relief strategy like mithadone or fentanyl?
What neurological deficit might indicate a need for a pain relief strategy like mithadone or fentanyl?
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What is a potential complication associated with esophagostomy tubes?
What is a potential complication associated with esophagostomy tubes?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for dermal decontamination of toxic substances?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for dermal decontamination of toxic substances?
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What should be used for ocular decontamination in cases of toxin exposure?
What should be used for ocular decontamination in cases of toxin exposure?
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What is the first step in emergency management during an animal's toxicosis?
What is the first step in emergency management during an animal's toxicosis?
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Which statement about esophagostomy tubes is true?
Which statement about esophagostomy tubes is true?
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What is a key consideration before inducing emesis in the case of gastrointestinal decontamination?
What is a key consideration before inducing emesis in the case of gastrointestinal decontamination?
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Which of the following is an appropriate method for gastrointestinal decontamination?
Which of the following is an appropriate method for gastrointestinal decontamination?
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What is a common consequence of tube migration associated with esophagostomy tubes?
What is a common consequence of tube migration associated with esophagostomy tubes?
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What is a primary clinical sign of rodenticide toxicity that may appear 6-12 hours after ingestion?
What is a primary clinical sign of rodenticide toxicity that may appear 6-12 hours after ingestion?
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Which treatment should NOT be administered while treating with vitamin K1 due to potential interference?
Which treatment should NOT be administered while treating with vitamin K1 due to potential interference?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with permethrin poisoning in cats?
Which symptom is commonly associated with permethrin poisoning in cats?
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What is the primary aim of fluid therapy?
What is the primary aim of fluid therapy?
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What is the primary finding expected from abdominal fluid in case of hemoabdomen?
What is the primary finding expected from abdominal fluid in case of hemoabdomen?
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Which condition is characterized by an insufficient amount of blood in the bloodstream?
Which condition is characterized by an insufficient amount of blood in the bloodstream?
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In a symptomatic patient receiving treatment for rodenticide toxicity, what is crucial for stabilization?
In a symptomatic patient receiving treatment for rodenticide toxicity, what is crucial for stabilization?
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For hypovolemic shock, what is the recommended fluid rate using isotonic crystalloids?
For hypovolemic shock, what is the recommended fluid rate using isotonic crystalloids?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the treatment for permethrin toxicity?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the treatment for permethrin toxicity?
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What is the upper limit for potassium supplementation in hypokalemia?
What is the upper limit for potassium supplementation in hypokalemia?
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What is the PCV value expected in a case of hemoabdomen?
What is the PCV value expected in a case of hemoabdomen?
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How is daily fluid requirement calculated for dogs?
How is daily fluid requirement calculated for dogs?
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Which intravenous treatment is recommended for tremor control in cases of permethrin toxicity?
Which intravenous treatment is recommended for tremor control in cases of permethrin toxicity?
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When should hypertonic fluids be avoided?
When should hypertonic fluids be avoided?
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What is the typical concentration range for potassium levels in blood?
What is the typical concentration range for potassium levels in blood?
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Which solution is primarily used for glucouse supplementation in hypoglycemia?
Which solution is primarily used for glucouse supplementation in hypoglycemia?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV)?
Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV)?
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What cardiovascular change occurs in GDV due to compression of the portal vein?
What cardiovascular change occurs in GDV due to compression of the portal vein?
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Which lactate level indicates a low chance of survival after GDV?
Which lactate level indicates a low chance of survival after GDV?
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What is the recommended initial fluid therapy for treating shock in GDV patients?
What is the recommended initial fluid therapy for treating shock in GDV patients?
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Which medication can be used as a broad-spectrum antibiotic prior to surgery in GDV treatment?
Which medication can be used as a broad-spectrum antibiotic prior to surgery in GDV treatment?
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What should be closely monitored after surgery for GDV?
What should be closely monitored after surgery for GDV?
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What is an inappropriate post-operative measure for GDV patients?
What is an inappropriate post-operative measure for GDV patients?
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What should be avoided in GDV patients because of potential adverse effects?
What should be avoided in GDV patients because of potential adverse effects?
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In the management of GDV, what could be a sign of successful post-surgery recovery?
In the management of GDV, what could be a sign of successful post-surgery recovery?
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Which method is often used to assess for arrhythmias during GDV treatment?
Which method is often used to assess for arrhythmias during GDV treatment?
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Study Notes
Triage Categories
- Triage is a method of classifying patients to determine priority, and the order of treatment.
- RED: Immediate, life-threatening situations.
- ORANGE: Very urgent, potentially life-threatening situations.
- YELLOW: Urgent, but not life-threatening situations.
- GREEN: Standard, non-emergency situations.
Triage Examples
- RED: Severe respiratory distress, circulatory shock, neurological seizures, unresponsive, rapid abdominal distension, hypoglycemia, rectal temperature over 41°C or under 36.7°C .
- ORANGE: Moderate respiratory distress, subcutaneous emphysema, uncontrollable major hemorrhage, arterial thromboembolism signs, pale mucous membranes without shock, altered consciousness, cluster seizures, evisceration, proptosis of the eye, toxin or foreign body ingestion, labor, urethral obstruction, severe pain.
- YELLOW: Mild respiratory distress, uncontrollable minor hemorrhage, acute spinal neurological deficit, head tilt, open fracture, medium to large skin wound, possible foreign body, persistent vomiting, melena, red urine without stranguria, moderate pain, moderate dehydration, severe pruritus, anorexia.
- GREEN: Local inflammation, stranguria, vomiting, mild pain or pruritus, one seizure, swelling, rectal temperature 39-39.9ºC .
Triage Clinical Examination
- Primary triage focuses on evaluating the respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems.
- Determine if the systems are normal or abnormal.
Fluid Therapy Calculation
- Fluid therapy aims to maintain adequate perfusion, restore fluid balance, treat dehydration, restore electrolyte balance and restore normal blood circulation.
- For rehydration: body weight (kg) * dehydration % *10 = ml + daily requirement.
Potassium Supplementation
- Normal potassium in blood is 3.5-5.5 mmol/L.
- Potassium supplementation should not exceed 0.5 mEq (mmol)/kg/h.
Shock
- Shock is an imbalance between oxygen delivery and consumption.
- Most commonly classified by hemodynamic effects. -Hypovolemic -Cardiogenic -Obstructive (physical obstruction) -Distributive (maldistribution of blood flow)
Shock Clinical Signs
- Hypovolemic Shock: decreased intravascular volume, ranging from mild to severe.
- Cardiogenic Shock: occurs when cardiac output is reduced, due to dysfunction.
- Distributive Shock: maldistribution of blood flow, for example, vasodilation, or vasoconstriction.
Oxygen therapy
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Oxygen therapy is used to treat hypoxemia. Multiple methods exist, from nasal prongs and masks to hoods and cages.
-
The most appropriate method depends on the patient's tolerance and situation.
Fluid Therapy
- Fluid therapy aims to maintain adequate circulation and restore fluid balance in a patient.
- Types of fluids relevant to shock include isotonic crystalloids and colloids. The appropriate fluid and rate needs to be tailored to the patient.
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Description
This quiz covers the classifications and examples of triage categories used in medical emergencies. Test your knowledge of RED, ORANGE, YELLOW, and GREEN scenarios to understand patient prioritization for treatment. Ideal for students and professionals in healthcare.
