Treaty of Utrecht and Fur Trade Insights

Treaty of Utrecht

• Treaty of Utrecht aimed to end the War of the Spanish Succession and establish North American boundaries.
• It did not expand French settlements.
• It did not form an alliance between British and First Nations.
• It did not encourage trade.

Fur Trade Value

• Fur was a valuable resource in the 1700s due to its use in fashionable hats and clothing.
• It wasn't essential for survival or used in housebuilding.

First Nations Support

• First Nations provided Europeans with crucial assistance.
• This included teaching of land navigation and sharing resources like fur and food.
• They did not solely teach farming techniques.
• They were not military allies.

Effect of Treaty on Acadia

• Acadia became British territory.
• English settlers moved in.
• Acadians were not immediately relocated to France due to this Treaty.

Competition and Consequence

• Competition between the French and British in the fur trade fueled European exploration and mapping of North America.
• This did not improve relations or cause the destruction of resources.

"Ancient Boundaries"

• "Ancient boundaries" in the Treaty of Utrecht were ambiguous and led to disputes over territorial claims instead of clearly defined borders.

Haudenosaunee Sustenance

• The Haudenosaunee primarily relied on farming (corn, squash, beans).
• Hunting and fishing were important too, but farming was core.
• They did not exclusively trade furs with the French.

Land Disputes After Treaty

• Disputes over land stemmed from unclear maps, conflicting interpretations of terms ("ancient boundaries"), and European encroachment, rather than rejection by First Nations.

Initial European-Indigenous Trade

• First Nations initially traded with Europeans for weapons and metal tools.
• The purpose of the trade was to obtain needed items.

Indigenous Movement (1713)

• Indigenous Nations' movement around 1713 reflected shifting European control and competition, indicating efforts to adapt.

Wabanaki Confederacy

• A vital role played by the Wabanaki Confederacy was its alliance with New France, opposing British interests.

Resources Exported

• Three major resources exported back to Europe were timber, fish, and beaver fur.

Supporters of British Rebellion

• Individuals who supported the British side of the Rebellion (1775-1800) were called Loyalists.

Seven Years' War Dates

• The Seven Years' War occurred between 1756 and 1763.

First Nations Conflicts

• First Nations peoples did engage in conflict among themselves. (True)

Officially Bilingual Canadian Province

• New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual Canadian province after 1713.

European-Made Goods for First Nations

• First Nations relied on European-made goods like rifles, metal traps, sewing needles, and cooking pots.
• Cotton coat and beaver fur were not part of the European-made goods supplied. Gold, minerals, and coffee weren't the European goods provided either.

French Military Tactics

• French tactics during the Seven Years' War often involved guerilla warfare.

Ownership of Acadia Before Treaty

• Acadia was under control of New France before the Treaty of Utrecht.

Short-Term Causes of the Seven Years' War

• Short-term causes of the Seven Years' War included competition for the Ohio Valley and rising tensions in Europe between the French and British.

Long-Term Causes of the Seven Years' War

• Long-term causes included ongoing conflicts between the French and British, territorial disputes in North America, and competition for trade goods and routes.

Treaty Ending the Seven Years' War

• The Treaty of Paris officially ended the Seven Years' War.

European Motivation for North America

• Europeans sought North American land for various reasons, including claiming land, sending goods back to Europe, and building settlements.

Indigenous Disadvantages

• Indigenous peoples faced disadvantages like loss of land, exposure to diseases, and strained resources due to European settlement.

British Victory and Seven Years' War's End

• The British victory at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham contributed significantly to ending the Seven Years' War.

Battle of the Plains of Abraham Generals

• The generals involved in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham were Montcalm and Wolfe.

European Reasons for Claiming Land (multiple choice)

• Europeans claimed land in North America to gain resources, send goods back to Europe, and establish settlements; not to provide jobs.

Explorer and Their Claim

• Jacques Cartier claimed land for France.

Explorers of North America

• John Cabot, Jacques Cartier are among the early European explorers who ventured to North America. James Cook is not among the earliest explorers.

Fur Traders

• Fur traders were known as coureurs de bois.

French Settlement Arrival

• The first French settlers arrived in North America in 1608.

European Motivation for Resources

• European motivations were economic; they sought to acquire resources for trade and profit, not to get rid of unnecessary items or gain decorations.

French-First Nations Relationship Duration

• French and First Nations had a long-standing relationship, spanning more than 200 years.

Outcome of Trading Relationships

• Indigenous trading partners with Europeans did not become enemies, but they did shift alliances and adapt to changing circumstances.

British Capture of Louisbourg

• The British captured Louisbourg for the second time in 1758.

French Military Strategy

• French strategy involved maintaining a presence in Europe while deploying troops to North America.

Seven Years' War's End Date

• The Seven Years' War concluded in 1763.

Participants in the Seven Years' War

• The key participants were British, French, and various First Nations.

European Settlement Locations

• Europeans lived in areas like Quebec along the St. Lawrence.

Ownership Claims in 1713

• Britain and France both claimed portions of North America in 1713. Spain wasn't in the primary dispute in 1713.

First English Settlement

• The first English settlement in modern-day Canada was located in Newfoundland.

St. Lawrence Settlers

• Settlers alongside the St. Lawrence River were known as habitants.

First Nations Fort Attack

• The attack was against Fort Michilimackinac in 1763.

The Starting Point of the Seven Years War

• The Seven Years' War is considered by historians to begin with a conflict around Fort Duquesne.

European Trade System

• The primary system (primarily used by French and British) for managing nation's trade was Mercantilism.

First European Contact with First Nations

• Fur trade began in the 1600s.

Jacques Cartier's Nationality

• Jacques Cartier claimed land for France.

Seigneurial System

• A system which was used by the French in New France to organize land distribution.

Guerrilla Warfare Definition

• Guerrilla warfare involves surprise attacks by small groups against a larger foe.

Purpose of Wampum Belts

• Wampum belts were used to record messages and agreements, not for personal decoration or trade.

Royal Proclamation Purpose

• The Royal Proclamation aimed to prevent further conflict between the British and Indigenous peoples. It did not benefit British by taking First Nations land or giving it to British colonists.

Giovanni Caboto Arrival

• Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) arrived in North America in 1497.

European Fur Use

• Europeans used furs for creating hats, blankets, and clothing.

Fur Preparation by Women

• Women prepared the furs by skinning, cleaning, and tanning the hides prior to trading.

European Fur Trade Motivation

• European interest in the fur trade, primarily, was driven by economic motivations, like producing and distributing desirable goods (e.g., hats and clothing) rather than aesthetic preferences.

Length of First Nations-European Relationship

• A long-term relationship existed between First Nations and Europeans. A specific duration cannot be definitively determined from the provided text.

First Nations' Transformation by Europeans

• Trading partners didn't necessarily become enemies, but relationships transformed, shifting alliances, and adapting to new conditions.

British Capture of Louisbourg (Second Time)

• Louisbourg was captured by the British in 1758.

French Military Strategy Summary

• France employed a strategy of maintaining some troops in Europe while deploying others to North America.

This quiz explores the Treaty of Utrecht's role in ending the War of the Spanish Succession, its impact on North American boundaries, and its effects on the fur trade. Additionally, it examines the contributions of First Nations and the consequences for Acadia. Test your knowledge on these historical topics!