Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a effect of growth hormone stimulation?
Which of the following is NOT a effect of growth hormone stimulation?
- Decreased peripheral glucose utilization (correct)
- Decreased protein catabolism
- Increased IGF-1 release
- Decreased insulin sensitivity
What can be used to test the release of growth hormone?
What can be used to test the release of growth hormone?
- Dopamine & beta agonists
- Obesity
- Clonidine (correct)
- IGF-1
What are the symptoms of growth hormone deficiency in adults?
What are the symptoms of growth hormone deficiency in adults?
- Subcutaneous & visceral adiposity
- Elevated LDL (correct)
- Low bone mineral density
- Decreased cardiac output
What is the goal of growth hormone therapy?
What is the goal of growth hormone therapy?
What is the recommended time frame for observing the benefits of recombinant hGH replacement therapy?
What is the recommended time frame for observing the benefits of recombinant hGH replacement therapy?
Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of growth hormone therapy?
Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of growth hormone therapy?
Which hormone stimulates protein synthesis and growth?
Which hormone stimulates protein synthesis and growth?
Which hormone stimulates milk production and secretion?
Which hormone stimulates milk production and secretion?
Which hormone stimulates water reabsorption in principal cells of collecting ducts and arteriolar constriction?
Which hormone stimulates water reabsorption in principal cells of collecting ducts and arteriolar constriction?
Which hormone stimulates TSH & prolactin secretion?
Which hormone stimulates TSH & prolactin secretion?
Which hormone stimulates LH/FSH secretion?
Which hormone stimulates LH/FSH secretion?
Which hormone inhibits growth hormone secretion?
Which hormone inhibits growth hormone secretion?
Which drug is a weak CYP2A6 inhibitor and a weak CYP3A4 inducer?
Which drug is a weak CYP2A6 inhibitor and a weak CYP3A4 inducer?
Which drug blocks cortisol effects at the glucocorticoid receptor?
Which drug blocks cortisol effects at the glucocorticoid receptor?
Which drug is primarily eliminated through biliary elimination as unchanged drug?
Which drug is primarily eliminated through biliary elimination as unchanged drug?
Which drug is a mineralocorticoid receptor blocker and also blocks androgen receptors?
Which drug is a mineralocorticoid receptor blocker and also blocks androgen receptors?
Which drug is a selective mineralocorticoid receptor blocker without causing gynecomastia?
Which drug is a selective mineralocorticoid receptor blocker without causing gynecomastia?
Which drug is a non-selective, irreversible alpha-blocker used in the treatment of pheochromocytoma?
Which drug is a non-selective, irreversible alpha-blocker used in the treatment of pheochromocytoma?
Which medication is a first-line treatment for AVP-R and also effective in AVP-D?
Which medication is a first-line treatment for AVP-R and also effective in AVP-D?
Which condition is characterized by vasopressin excess and can result in rapid decreases in sodium levels?
Which condition is characterized by vasopressin excess and can result in rapid decreases in sodium levels?
What is the treatment for SIADH to increase serum sodium levels?
What is the treatment for SIADH to increase serum sodium levels?
Which medication is an oral therapy used in the treatment of Cushing's Syndrome?
Which medication is an oral therapy used in the treatment of Cushing's Syndrome?
What is the mechanism of action of mitotane in the treatment of Cushing's Syndrome?
What is the mechanism of action of mitotane in the treatment of Cushing's Syndrome?
Which medication is approved as a diagnostic agent for ACTH dependent adrenal insufficiency and has limited availability?
Which medication is approved as a diagnostic agent for ACTH dependent adrenal insufficiency and has limited availability?
Which hormone acts as an insulin sensitizer and decreases blood glucose levels?
Which hormone acts as an insulin sensitizer and decreases blood glucose levels?
What is the primary treatment for acromegaly?
What is the primary treatment for acromegaly?
Which condition can cause gigantism in children before puberty?
Which condition can cause gigantism in children before puberty?
Which hormone can decrease GH production in a small percentage of acromegaly patients?
Which hormone can decrease GH production in a small percentage of acromegaly patients?
Which hormone acts on V2 receptors in the collecting ducts of the kidney to increase water permeability?
Which hormone acts on V2 receptors in the collecting ducts of the kidney to increase water permeability?
Which hormone can increase water permeability in renal tubular cells to decrease urine volume?
Which hormone can increase water permeability in renal tubular cells to decrease urine volume?
Match the growth hormone effects with their corresponding characteristics:
Match the growth hormone effects with their corresponding characteristics:
Match the symptoms of deficiency with the corresponding group:
Match the symptoms of deficiency with the corresponding group:
Match the goal of therapy with the corresponding treatment:
Match the goal of therapy with the corresponding treatment:
Match the monitoring items with the corresponding organization:
Match the monitoring items with the corresponding organization:
Match the adverse effects with the corresponding group:
Match the adverse effects with the corresponding group:
Match the characteristics with the corresponding GH release:
Match the characteristics with the corresponding GH release:
Match the following hormones with their actions:
Match the following hormones with their actions:
Match the following pituitary disorders with their corresponding hormone deficiencies:
Match the following pituitary disorders with their corresponding hormone deficiencies:
Match the anterior pituitary hormones with their actions:
Match the anterior pituitary hormones with their actions:
Match the hypothalamic releasing hormones with their actions:
Match the hypothalamic releasing hormones with their actions:
Match the posterior pituitary hormones with their actions:
Match the posterior pituitary hormones with their actions:
Match the adrenal disorders with their corresponding hormone abnormalities:
Match the adrenal disorders with their corresponding hormone abnormalities:
Match the following medical conditions with their respective treatment options:
Match the following medical conditions with their respective treatment options:
Match the following drugs with their mechanism of action:
Match the following drugs with their mechanism of action:
Match the following medical conditions with their diagnostic tests:
Match the following medical conditions with their diagnostic tests:
Match the following hormones with their effects:
Match the following hormones with their effects:
Match the following medical conditions with their symptoms:
Match the following medical conditions with their symptoms:
Match the following drugs with their administered routes:
Match the following drugs with their administered routes:
Match the following drugs with their primary effects:
Match the following drugs with their primary effects:
Match the following drugs with their adverse effects:
Match the following drugs with their adverse effects:
Match the following drugs with their drug interactions:
Match the following drugs with their drug interactions:
Match the following hormones with their primary functions:
Match the following hormones with their primary functions:
Match the following conditions with their primary treatments:
Match the following conditions with their primary treatments:
Match the following disorders with their treatment strategies:
Match the following disorders with their treatment strategies:
Match the following treatments with the corresponding conditions:
Match the following treatments with the corresponding conditions:
Match the following drugs with their adverse effects:
Match the following drugs with their adverse effects:
Match the following drugs with their mechanisms of action:
Match the following drugs with their mechanisms of action:
Match the following conditions with their descriptions:
Match the following conditions with their descriptions:
Match the following conditions with their treatments:
Match the following conditions with their treatments:
Match the following conditions with their symptoms:
Match the following conditions with their symptoms:
Which of the following is a stage of breast cancer according to the TNM system?
Which of the following is a stage of breast cancer according to the TNM system?
Which of the following is NOT a breast cancer molecular subtype?
Which of the following is NOT a breast cancer molecular subtype?
What is the most common cause of cancer death in women after breast cancer?
What is the most common cause of cancer death in women after breast cancer?
Which treatment option is recommended for a 45-year-old pre-menopausal woman with invasive ductal carcinoma, grade 3, ER-, and HER2+?
Which treatment option is recommended for a 45-year-old pre-menopausal woman with invasive ductal carcinoma, grade 3, ER-, and HER2+?
What is the stage of the patient's breast cancer?
What is the stage of the patient's breast cancer?
What is the recommended treatment for a post-menopausal patient with ER+/HER2+ recurrent or stage IV breast cancer?
What is the recommended treatment for a post-menopausal patient with ER+/HER2+ recurrent or stage IV breast cancer?
What is the general approach for a breast cancer patient with metastatic disease and ER/PR-?
What is the general approach for a breast cancer patient with metastatic disease and ER/PR-?
Which therapy is recommended as first-line treatment for high-risk patients with HER2+ breast cancer?
Which therapy is recommended as first-line treatment for high-risk patients with HER2+ breast cancer?
Which drug is indicated as adjuvant therapy for HER2+ breast cancer patients who have previously received trastuzumab and/or a taxane?
Which drug is indicated as adjuvant therapy for HER2+ breast cancer patients who have previously received trastuzumab and/or a taxane?
Which drug is a dual EGFR and ErbB2 inhibitor and is approved for metastatic breast cancer treatment given in combination with capecitabine or with an aromatase inhibitor for ER+HER+ tumors?
Which drug is a dual EGFR and ErbB2 inhibitor and is approved for metastatic breast cancer treatment given in combination with capecitabine or with an aromatase inhibitor for ER+HER+ tumors?
Which drug irreversibly binds to HER receptors and is indicated as adjuvant therapy or metastatic HER2+ breast cancer, where trastuzumab has failed or is contraindicated?
Which drug irreversibly binds to HER receptors and is indicated as adjuvant therapy or metastatic HER2+ breast cancer, where trastuzumab has failed or is contraindicated?
Which of the following is the most common cause of cancer death in women?
Which of the following is the most common cause of cancer death in women?
What is the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer for women?
What is the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer for women?
Which of the following is NOT a breast cancer molecular subtype?
Which of the following is NOT a breast cancer molecular subtype?
Which treatment is recommended for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients who have previously received trastuzumab and/or a taxane?
Which treatment is recommended for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients who have previously received trastuzumab and/or a taxane?
What is the mechanism of action of Neratinib (Nerlynx)?
What is the mechanism of action of Neratinib (Nerlynx)?
Which treatment is a HER2-targeted antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate?
Which treatment is a HER2-targeted antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate?
Which treatment is recommended for ER-/HER- (PR-) breast cancer patients with T1-3 tumors and no lymph node involvement?
Which treatment is recommended for ER-/HER- (PR-) breast cancer patients with T1-3 tumors and no lymph node involvement?
Which drug is used in combination with DNA damaging agents for metastatic disease in tumors with germline BRCA1 mutation?
Which drug is used in combination with DNA damaging agents for metastatic disease in tumors with germline BRCA1 mutation?
What is the stage of breast cancer for the 45-year-old pre-menopausal woman described in the case?
What is the stage of breast cancer for the 45-year-old pre-menopausal woman described in the case?
What is the recommended treatment option for the 45-year-old pre-menopausal woman with invasive ductal carcinoma, grade 3, ER-, and HER2+?
What is the recommended treatment option for the 45-year-old pre-menopausal woman with invasive ductal carcinoma, grade 3, ER-, and HER2+?
What are the side effects of Olaparib (Lynparza) according to the text?
What are the side effects of Olaparib (Lynparza) according to the text?
Study Notes
Treatment Options for Acromegaly and Vasopressin Deficiency
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF-1) acts as an insulin sensitizer and decreases blood glucose levels.
- Primary IGF-1 Deficiency can be treated with Mecasermin (Increlex®), a recombinant IGF-1 administered subcutaneously.
- GH Excess in children before puberty can cause gigantism due to stimulation at the epiphyseal plates.
- GH Excess in adults (Acromegaly) can cause bone changes, enlargement of hands and feet, insulin resistance, and neuropathies.
- Acromegaly can be diagnosed through CT/MRI imaging, elevated GH levels, elevated IGF-1 levels, and heel pad thickness.
- Transsphenoidal surgery is the primary treatment for acromegaly, with radiation as an adjunctive therapy in some cases.
- Somatostatin analogs (Octreotide, Lanreotide, and Pasireotide) are used as medical therapy for acromegaly.
- Somatostatin analogs bind to somatostatin receptors and inhibit GH production.
- Pegvisomant (Somavert®) is a GH receptor antagonist used to treat acromegaly.
- Dopamine agonists (Cabergoline, Bromocriptine) can decrease GH production in a small percentage of acromegaly patients.
- Vasopressin acts on V2 receptors in the collecting ducts of the kidney to initiate an intracellular cascade and increase water permeability.
- Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency (AVP-D) and Arginine Vasopressin Resistance (AVP-R) are conditions that affect the body's ability to concentrate urine, leading to polyuria, nocturia, and polydipsia. Treatment options include replacing fluid losses and decreasing urine output. Desmopressin (DDAVP®) can increase water permeability in renal tubular cells to decrease urine volume.
Treatment Options for Acromegaly and Vasopressin Deficiency
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF-1) acts as an insulin sensitizer and decreases blood glucose levels.
- Primary IGF-1 Deficiency can be treated with Mecasermin (Increlex®), a recombinant IGF-1 administered subcutaneously.
- GH Excess in children before puberty can cause gigantism due to stimulation at the epiphyseal plates.
- GH Excess in adults (Acromegaly) can cause bone changes, enlargement of hands and feet, insulin resistance, and neuropathies.
- Acromegaly can be diagnosed through CT/MRI imaging, elevated GH levels, elevated IGF-1 levels, and heel pad thickness.
- Transsphenoidal surgery is the primary treatment for acromegaly, with radiation as an adjunctive therapy in some cases.
- Somatostatin analogs (Octreotide, Lanreotide, and Pasireotide) are used as medical therapy for acromegaly.
- Somatostatin analogs bind to somatostatin receptors and inhibit GH production.
- Pegvisomant (Somavert®) is a GH receptor antagonist used to treat acromegaly.
- Dopamine agonists (Cabergoline, Bromocriptine) can decrease GH production in a small percentage of acromegaly patients.
- Vasopressin acts on V2 receptors in the collecting ducts of the kidney to initiate an intracellular cascade and increase water permeability.
- Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency (AVP-D) and Arginine Vasopressin Resistance (AVP-R) are conditions that affect the body's ability to concentrate urine, leading to polyuria, nocturia, and polydipsia. Treatment options include replacing fluid losses and decreasing urine output. Desmopressin (DDAVP®) can increase water permeability in renal tubular cells to decrease urine volume.
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Description
Test your knowledge on treatment options for two different conditions - Acromegaly and Vasopressin Deficiency. Learn about medications, surgical interventions, and other therapies used to manage these conditions.
