Travel Health and Safety

• A global event involves people from different countries and attracts media attention.

Sporting Events and Tourism

• Sports tourism includes viewing or participating in a sporting event outside one's usual environment.
• Sport tourism is growing and generates about $600 billion annually.
• Host cities like those for the Olympics receive a considerable amount of tourism.
• The Olympics are the largest sporting event worldwide.
• The FIFA Soccer World Cup ranks as the second largest sporting event.
• The Tour de France cycling event is third largest and mainly held in France.
• Wimbledon is an annual international tennis championship in London.
• The Comrades Marathon, the world's largest ultra-marathon, occurs between Pietermaritzburg and Durban in KwaZulu-Natal.

Other Event Types

• The G8 Summit involves governments from the world's eight largest economies, including France, the USA, the UK, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy, and Canada, with "Plus Five" nations like Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa participating as guests.
• Climate change summits aim to reduce global carbon emissions and pollution.
• Tourism Indaba in South Africa is a major travel trade exhibition, an isiZulu word for meetings of elders.

Impact of Global Events on Tourism

• Positive economic impacts include higher spending at local businesses and temporary job creation.
• Long-term benefits include more international tourism and investment due to increased global recognition from media coverage.
• There is a positive long-term association that people have with the host city.
• Negative economic impacts include countries taking a long time to pay debts and facilities being unsuitable for domestic use post-event.
• Other facilities built to host tourists may stand empty if the number of tourists declines.

Impact on Host Country and Domestic Tourism

• Legacies improve the well-being of citizens in the host country.
• It contributes to nation-building.
• Domestic tourism may decline during global events like the Olympics due to foreign tourists displacing local tourists at popular attractions.

Economic Impacts of Hosting

• Positive effects include generation of foreign exchange income, investment, the multiplier effect, infrastructure development, job creation, and future growth in international tourism.
• Negative impacts include facilities being unsuitable for domestic use, domestic tourism slowdowns during events, pollution, security risks, debt and job loss for construction workers after the event.

Political Situations and Tourism

• Political situations refer to events linked to a country's political circumstances, like civil war or terrorism.
• Unforeseen occurrences are events that happen without warning.

Examples of Political Situations

• A tourist's decision to travel depends on perceptions of political stability.
• Civil war involves groups of citizens within the same country fighting, recently occurring in Libya, Egypt, Somalia, and Kenya.
• Terrorism involves violent acts for political goals, such as the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center.
• General unrest disrupts tourism, such as in Zimbabwe.

Unforeseen Occurrences

• Tsunamis involve large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
• Earthquakes involve shaking of the ground caused by movements within the earth's crust or volcanic activity.
• Natural disasters like tornadoes can cause destruction.
• Global recessions are periods of economic decline that reduce tourism due to less disposable income.
• Diseases like malaria, yellow fever, bird flu, and swine flu make travel fearful.
• Transport accidents affect tourist numbers by impacting safety perceptions.
• Economic upsets occur when tourism establishments face financial trouble due to low visitor numbers.

Impact of Political Situations

• Reduced tourism can lead to increased unemployment, homelessness, deflation, crime, and social problems.
• Travelers may cancel or delay trips, and tour operators may avoid affected areas.
• Airlines might suspend flights to affected areas.

Tour Plans

• Developing tour plans ensures successful travel.
• A good tour plan indicates the route, length, mode of transport, accommodation, meals, attractions, leisure time, dates, and costs.
• Packaged tour: Known as an inclusive your, has a preplanned itinerary and an all inclusive price.
• Escorted packaged tour: Includes a tour guide throught the tour.
• Group packaged tour: Popular with first time travellers an organized tour.
• Independent packaged tour: Planned to meet the tourist's individual needs.
• Scheduled tours: Have a timetable with set arrival and departure times.

Tourist Profile and Budget

• A tourist profile summarizes personal wants and expectations used by travel agents, this ensures that the tourist's needs are met.
• A tour budget includes transport, accommodation, meals, attractions, permits, entrance fees and additional costs like airport tax.
• A tour plan ensures that tourists have adequate leisure and relaxation, avoids wasting time to do so.

Route Planning and Logistics

• Route planning is crucial for choosing the routes to all the destinations in the tour.
• Knowledge of geography is importnat, as is variety of maps and GPS.
• Tour brochures and travel guidebooks are all used.
• Transport options include cars, buses, and planes
• Customers choice considers environmental impact.
• Most countries offer wide accommodation options, including safari lodges and hostels.

Tourist Attractions and Activities

• Interests and preferences determine the choice of attractions.
• A popular tour depends on the available activities at the attraction.

Creating a Day-by-Day Itinerary

• Detailed infromation about your tour including times, dates, transport and accommodation is presented in an Iitnerary.
• These include specific itineraries drawn-up with a target market, general and personalized to individual tourists.
• Main aspects to consider are transport accommodation attractions activities meals and refreshments.
• Also consider objectives, time and tourist needs/preferences.

Presentation of Itinerary

• Neatly write the itinerary and mention interesting facts.

Tour Budget

• It specifies all the costs and hleps you plan accordingly.
• Depends on the toour type, group the accommodation that are booked

Health and Tourism

• Tourists should seek advice about possible health risks and injuries.
• The WHO promotes international public health.
• Health certificates confirm vaccinations.
• Global travel enables wide range of health risks.
• Travel clinics offer international travel and healthcare. Vaccinations are a preventative measure for safe travel.
• Travelers should be cautious and visitations to malaria, bilharzia and cholera areas.
• Travellers can take prophylactics by doing things such as avoiding dark damp places.
• Travelers should use filtered water and to dry skin to prevent parasites.
• Travellers should use sterilized or filtered.
• Proof of vaccination is required for travellers in high risk zones.

Factors for International Travel

• Travelers should be aware of TB and HIV/AIDS risks.
• Travelers should use repellent and medication.
• Travelers should drink bottled water and prevent HIV.
• Travelers should use sun block and medical insurance.
• Travel documents are required to gain entry into all countries.
• Proof of identification and citizenship are valid passports that are often needed.
• There are tourist, official, diplomatic and temporary passports.
• Visa application should to be made before departure.

Requirements Traveling Between Various Countries

• Proof of the following are needed.
• Funds to cover stay and return ticket are valid to travel between destinations.
• International law requires vaccinated for Yellow Fever.
• Travelers must adhere to duty-free allowance restrictions.
• Time zones are 24 longitudinal divisions bisected by the Greenwich meridian
• International Date Line (IDL) is at 180° and local time.
• Coordinate system enables locations using numbers.
• It is based on earths axis to show the area in which the world regulates clocks.

Key Information for Travel

• Time zone differences must be considered to avoid confusion,.
• Travelers should consider what the differences are when planning.
• DST involves clocks during summer to capitalize on sunlight.
• Most countries have one time zone except when countries extend to degrees of longitude

This lesson covers essential health and safety precautions for tourists. It includes water safety, food choices in high-risk areas, vaccinations, and awareness of diseases such as TB and HIV/AIDS. It also highlights WHO's health recommendations and the broader impact of tourism.