Traumatic Head Injuries: Scalp, Skull, and Brain

Questions and Answers

Which type of scalp injury is the most common?

Firearm injuries

Bruises or contusions

Incised wound

Contused wound (correct)

What is a potential complication of a scalp injury?

Severe bleeding

Intracranial infection

Tetanus

All of the above (correct)

What is the defining characteristic of a fissure fracture?

A fracture with a sharp, pointed edge

A linear fracture (correct)

A localized depressed fracture

A fracture that is caused by a high momentum impact

Which type of skull fracture is characterized by multiple fracture lines?

Comminuted fracture Signup and view all the answers

What is a signature fracture?

A fracture caused by a specific type of weapon Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a basal skull fracture?

A fracture of the base of the skull Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of cerebral irritation of higher centers in the first phase?

Haematoma on the side of cerebral lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of a brain concussion?

A sudden, forceful impact to the head Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of irritation of vasomotor center on blood pressure?

It first increases and then decreases blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of pulse in the clinical picture?

Slow and full pulse Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with a brain concussion?

High blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of depression of respiratory center on respiration?

It becomes irregular and chyne-stokes Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of temperature in the late stage?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of pupils in the terminal stage?

They are dilated and fixed Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of muscle signs on the contralateral side?

Exaggerated reflexes then muscle twitches then paralysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of conjugate deviation of both eyes?

First to the same side and then to the opposite side of the lesion Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a lucid interval?

The period of time between a concussion and compression. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical cause of a lucid interval?

Injury to the middle meningeal artery. Signup and view all the answers

What is the medicolegal importance of a lucid interval?

It can be used to determine the cause of death. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of cerebral compression?

Stage of irritation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of cerebral compression?

Increased intracranial pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which reflex is the last to disappear and the first to reappear in a concussion?

Corneal reflex. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential fate of a cerebral concussion?

Permanent brain damage. Signup and view all the answers

What causes vomiting in a concussion?

Rotational movement of the brain. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scalp Injuries

Common scalp injuries include bruises, contusions, contused wounds, incised wounds, and firearm injuries.
Scalp has a rich blood supply, leading to severe bleeding, also can result in intracranial infection and tetanus.
The leathery texture of the scalp makes it susceptible to significant bleeding when injured.

Skull Injuries

Types of skull fractures include vault fractures, fissure fractures, comminuted fractures, localized depressed fractures, penetrating fractures, and cut fractures.
Fractures can be caused by blunt or sharp striking surfaces, with variations in injury severity based on momentum.
Basal skull fractures can lead to specific types like ring fractures and signature fractures.

Brain Injuries

Brain injuries encompass contusions, concussions, lacerations, and compression.

Brain Concussion

Defined as a sudden momentary loss of consciousness caused by head injuries.
Clinical symptoms include loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, shallow respiration, pale moist skin, equal pupils, vomiting, and flaccid muscles.
Recovery can be complete or incomplete, or it can involve compression with or without lucidity.

Lucid Interval

A temporary recovery phase between unconsciousness and compression, allowing patients to function briefly before deterioration.
Commonly arises from middle meningeal artery injuries and can last from minutes to days.
Medicolegal relevance exists, as a lucid interval can complicate forensic conclusions about cause of death.

Cerebral Compression

Defined as increased intracranial pressure affecting brain function, resulting in gradual loss of consciousness.
Progresses through an irritation phase (cerebral congestion and edema) and a paralysis phase (cerebral ischemia).
Clinical signs include gradual loss of consciousness, neck rigidity, rising then falling blood pressure, slow pulse, and altered respiratory patterns.

Signs of Lateralization

Unequal pupils indicate compression severity, with initial constriction followed by dilatation due to paralysis.
Conjugate eye deviation may occur toward the lesion side before moving to the opposite side.
Motor function can demonstrate exaggerated reflexes initially, followed by twitches and eventual paralysis, typically starting on the contralateral side.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers different types of traumatic head injuries, including scalp injuries, skull fractures, and brain damage. It also explores potential complications and treatments.