Traumatic Brain Injuries

Hyperglycaemia

Level of consciousness

Modified Glasgow coma scale

<p>Reduced blood flow to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoxia and hypercapnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is not important</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Level of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be influenced by other factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate survival over a 48-hour period</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher scores indicate a better prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired cerebral function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analgesics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced blood flow to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased intracranial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased intracranial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leakage of substances into the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary injury refers to the physical damage caused by the trauma, while secondary injury is triggered by excitatory neurotransmitters, reactive oxygen species, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased intracranial pressure can lead to cerebral edema formation, compromised blood-brain barrier, alterations in cerebrovascular reactivity, and reduced blood flow to the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main focus of management guidelines for traumatic brain injury in humans is maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher scores on the modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) are correlated with a better prognosis in veterinary medicine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal motor responses may be dampened down or altered in animals with traumatic brain injury, making their interpretation less reliable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The systemic contributions to secondary brain injury in traumatic brain injury include hypotension, hypoxia, hypo- or hyperglycaemia, hypo- or hypercapnia, and hyperthermia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main focus of management guidelines for traumatic brain injury in humans is to treat the whole animal first, by addressing hypovolaemia and hypoxia, in order to reduce changes in intra cranial pressure and improve survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extreme pain in an animal with traumatic brain injury can mimic impaired cerebral function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The proposed use of the modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) in veterinary medicine is to assess the severity of traumatic brain injury and evaluate the prognosis of the animal over a 48-hour period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The level of consciousness is the most reliable measure of impaired cerebral function.</p> Signup and view all the answers