Traumatic Brain Injuries

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a systemic contribution to secondary brain injury?

  • Hyperglycaemia (correct)
  • Hypotension
  • Hyperthermia
  • Hypoxia

What is the most reliable measure of impaired cerebral function?

  • Ocular position and movements
  • Level of consciousness (correct)
  • Breathing pattern
  • Pupil size and responsiveness

Which scale is used for assessing the severity of traumatic brain injury in veterinary medicine?

  • Human coma scale
  • Modified Glasgow coma scale (correct)
  • Glasgow coma scale
  • Veterinary coma scale

What is one of the consequences of increased intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury?

<p>Reduced blood flow to the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can trigger secondary injury in traumatic brain injury?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can contribute to decreased CSF perfusion in the brain?

<p>Hypotension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some systemic contributions to secondary brain injury?

<p>Hypoxia and hypercapnia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial score on the modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) used in veterinary medicine?

<p>It is not important (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is the most reliable measure of impaired cerebral function?

<p>Level of consciousness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should skeletal motor responses be interpreted cautiously if the animal has traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

<p>They can be influenced by other factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed use of the modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) in veterinary medicine?

<p>To evaluate survival over a 48-hour period (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between higher scores on the modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) and prognosis in veterinary medicine?

<p>Higher scores indicate a better prognosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can extreme pain in an animal with TBI mimic?

<p>Impaired cerebral function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs can present as a dampened down cerebral function?

<p>Analgesics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of increased intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury?

<p>Reduced blood flow to the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a trigger for secondary injury in traumatic brain injury?

<p>Increased intracranial pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of management guidelines for traumatic brain injury in humans?

<p>Maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of cerebral oedema formation in traumatic brain injury?

<p>Increased intracranial pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of compromised blood-brain barrier in traumatic brain injury?

<p>Leakage of substances into the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary and secondary injuries associated with traumatic brain injury?

<p>Primary injury refers to the physical damage caused by the trauma, while secondary injury is triggered by excitatory neurotransmitters, reactive oxygen species, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential consequences of increased intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury?

<p>Increased intracranial pressure can lead to cerebral edema formation, compromised blood-brain barrier, alterations in cerebrovascular reactivity, and reduced blood flow to the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of management guidelines for traumatic brain injury in humans?

<p>The main focus of management guidelines for traumatic brain injury in humans is maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between higher scores on the modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) and prognosis in veterinary medicine?

<p>Higher scores on the modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) are correlated with a better prognosis in veterinary medicine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should skeletal motor responses be interpreted cautiously if the animal has traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

<p>Skeletal motor responses may be dampened down or altered in animals with traumatic brain injury, making their interpretation less reliable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the systemic contributions to secondary brain injury in traumatic brain injury?

<p>The systemic contributions to secondary brain injury in traumatic brain injury include hypotension, hypoxia, hypo- or hyperglycaemia, hypo- or hypercapnia, and hyperthermia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of management guidelines for traumatic brain injury in humans?

<p>The main focus of management guidelines for traumatic brain injury in humans is to treat the whole animal first, by addressing hypovolaemia and hypoxia, in order to reduce changes in intra cranial pressure and improve survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can extreme pain in an animal with traumatic brain injury mimic?

<p>Extreme pain in an animal with traumatic brain injury can mimic impaired cerebral function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed use of the modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) in veterinary medicine?

<p>The proposed use of the modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) in veterinary medicine is to assess the severity of traumatic brain injury and evaluate the prognosis of the animal over a 48-hour period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is the most reliable measure of impaired cerebral function?

<p>The level of consciousness is the most reliable measure of impaired cerebral function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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