Savannah Lynn B: Trauma Assessment and Management Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is trauma defined as?

Damage to the body caused by an exchange with an environmental energy beyond body resilience.

What is the most common cause of death below the age of 40?

Trauma

What is the third most common cause of death regardless of age?

Trauma

What are the 4 steps in the initial approach to prehospital injury care?

<ol> <li>Evaluate the scene. 2. Perform an initial assessment. 3. Make critical interventions and triage-transport decision. 4. Transport the patient.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course provide?

A safe approach to the initial assessment and management of the injured patient. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 important concepts taught by the ATLS course?

<ol> <li>Treat the greatest threat to life first. 2. Do not delay urgent treatment due to lack of definitive diagnosis. 3. An initial, detailed history is not essential to start evaluating a patient with acute injuries.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What does AMPLE stand for in obtaining patient history?

Allergies, Medications, Past illnesses, Pregnancy, Last meal, Events related to the injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'trimodal distribution of death' following major trauma?

Immediate, Early, Late Signup and view all the answers

What are the three 'peaks' in the 'trimodal distribution of death'?

Immediate, Early, Late Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the primary survey in the ATLS philosophy?

ABCDE - Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability or neurologic condition, Exposure and Environmental control Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a rigid collar in trauma patients?

To immobilize the spine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of 'Early' deaths in the trimodal distribution of death?

Failure of oxygenation of tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in airway management for a patient with trauma?

Examine the mouth for any blood, foreign bodies, or vomit Signup and view all the answers

When should orotracheal intubation be considered?

In unconscious or deeply sedated patients Signup and view all the answers

What life-threatening conditions should be considered in trauma patients?

Tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax/haemothorax, pericardial tamponade, air embolism, flail chest/pulmonary contusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial fluid resuscitation for adults with hemorrhage?

1 liter of normal saline or lactated Ringer solution given in 15-30 minutes Signup and view all the answers

At what systolic blood pressure (SBP) is the carotid pulse palpable?

60 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What is the general definition of hypotension in trauma patients?

Systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Trauma Definition and Causes

Trauma is a serious injury to the body, often caused by accidents, falls, or violence.
The most common cause of death below the age of 40 is trauma.
The third most common cause of death regardless of age is trauma.

Prehospital Injury Care

The 4 steps in the initial approach to prehospital injury care are: scene assessment, primary survey, resuscitation, and packaging.

Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS)

The ATLS course provides a standardized approach to assessing and managing trauma patients.
The 3 important concepts taught by the ATLS course are: primary survey, secondary survey, and ongoing assessment.

Patient History

AMPLE stands for: Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last oral intake, and Events leading up to the injury.

Trimodal Distribution of Death

The 'trimodal distribution of death' following major trauma refers to the three peaks of death: immediate, early, and late.
The three 'peaks' in the 'trimodal distribution of death' are: immediate deaths due to severe injuries, early deaths due to complication, and late deaths due to organ failure.

Primary Survey

The components of the primary survey in the ATLS philosophy are: airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure.

Rigid Collar

The purpose of using a rigid collar in trauma patients is to immobilize the cervical spine.

Trimodal Distribution of Death (Continued)

The main cause of 'Early' deaths in the trimodal distribution of death is bleeding and hemorrhagic shock.

Airway Management

The first step in airway management for a patient with trauma is to assess the patency of the airway.
Orotracheal intubation should be considered in patients with severe head injury, high spinal cord injury, or severe facial trauma.

Life-Threatening Conditions

Life-threatening conditions that should be considered in trauma patients include: tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, and cardiac tamponade.

Fluid Resuscitation

The recommended initial fluid resuscitation for adults with hemorrhage is 1-2 liters of crystalloid fluid.

Blood Pressure

The carotid pulse is palpable at a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 60-70 mmHg.
The general definition of hypotension in trauma patients is a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of less than 90 mmHg.

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Description

This quiz covers the initial approach to prehospital injury care, including evaluating the scene, performing an initial assessment, making critical interventions, and deciding on triage-transport. It also discusses the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course and its guidelines for managing trauma cases.