Transportation Sector Development

Transportation Sector Development

• The quick expansion of transportation and use of technology that enables tourists to travel to many places is a key reason why transportation is essential to the tourist and hospitality sectors.

Transportation and Travel Evolution

• Transportation and travel have changed significantly throughout history.

Pre-Industrial Travel System Era

• This was before industrialization was widespread in Europe and North America
• Common carriers were scarce with almost no scheduled transportation
• Travelers coordinated directly with suppliers, possible for few individuals with means and motivation.

Early-Industrial Travel System Era

• Innovation resulted in road improvements such as railways, canals & steamships
• Increased Affordability led to the rise of common carriers and scheduled services.

Mature-Railway System Era

• Thomas Cook started his company in the United Kingdom in 1840 and innovated in the travel industry
• More affordable railways marketed aggressively and travel agencies appeared supporting hotels and travel services

Express-Travel System Era

• Trains started skipping minor stops leading to more efficient travel

Automobile-Based Travel System Era

• Private cars became more popular in North America and Europe starting in the 1920s
• Significant road construction took place from 1920-1974
• Private cars dominated from 1920-1945

Modern-Tourism Travel System Era

• Car ownership boomed however long-distance rail travel saw a decline from 1945-1974
• The introduction of wide-body jets increased air travel significantly around 1970
• Tourism philosophy and marketing started to appear from 1950-1960

Post-Mobility Adjustment Era

• Initiated in 1973/1974 because of the oil embargo and higher fuel prices
• The energy crisis altered travel habits as travelers sought alternative shared transportation.

Mode of Transport Selection

• Transportation has an important role in travel when modes are frequently used
• Tourist attractions include cruises, trains and boat trips etc

Air Transport

• Air travel is one of the key ways for tourists to get around
• Air travel greatly impacts perceptions of time and distance
• Airlines are investing billions in technology to keep up with demand
• The air travel sector had unparalleled advancement helping Long distance travel
• Air transport options range from planes to hot air balloons

Automobile Transportation

• Private cars and buses are more popular for short trips
• Cars allow tourists to experience local culture
• Cars offer adaptability versus other options

Railway Transportation

• Trains were very common in the 19th century and are still used to carry loads
• High speed trains have made rail an option versus air and car travel

Sea Transportation

• Includes cruises, boats, yachts, and ferries
• Cruise ships enable tourist to visit multiple countries and enjoy travel
• Cargo ships also provide transport

Meaning of Recreation and Leisure

• Recreation is going somewhere for relaxation, like parks, museums or theaters
• Leisure is using free time in a productive way

Varied View of Recreation and Leisure

• Public agencies supply recreational infrastructure
• Senior or rehabilitation centers deliver recreation
• Environmentalists focus on outdoor recreation impacting the natural world

Recreational Participation

• Recreation is diverse and includes hobbies and group membership
• Recreation can be done in groups or alone at varying levels of intensity
• Recreational activities can be a lifelong passion or a one-off.

Attractions

• Attractions can be grouped various ways

Natural Attractions

• Natural attractions are the key draw for visitors
• Natural attractions feature national parks, forests and zoos

Purpose Built Attractions

• Designed for tourists, and include theme parks and galleries

Heritage Attractions

• These appeal to civilizations, for example the Great Wall

Recreational Attractions

• Support indoor and outdoor activities, for example Bowling or fishing

Commercial attractions

• Retailers feature gifts and arts that appeal to tourists

Industrial Attractions

• Factories are creating tour facilities to attract tourists.

Challenges in Recreation in the 21st Century

• Serve diverse communities
• Emphasize social engagement through youth programs
• Improve awareness of parks/recreation importance
• Improve recreational facilities in cities
• Adopt strategies proving recreational benefits
• Highlight recreation as key to health
• Partner to preserve the environment
• Enhance family programs
• Promote ethical sports values
• Integrate disabled individuals in recreational communities
• Evolve recreation for the future economy
• Improve professional standards
• Combine recreational sectors

Gaming Entertainment Defined

• The gaming sector is broad and includes casinos, cards, and lotteries
• Gaming entertainment refers to casino operations including all aspects of hotel, entertainment, shopping etc.
• Gambling facilities bundle leisure activities and gambling

Games and Facilities inside Casinos

• Table games have wagering between customer and casino, like roulette

Card Games

• Card games offer player vs player options

Slot Machines/Video Games

• Pay based on random number generation

Keno and Bingo

• Both are based on random numbers.

Race and Sports books

• Wager based on sporting events

Casino Cage

• Manages financial activities and transactions

Surveillance

• Monitors casino activities

Ancillary Departments

• Restaurants, bars, entertainment, and lodging comprise support services

Reasons for Casino Visitation

• Gambling is a key activity
• Casinos provide entertainment
• Social interaction is key for some demographics
• Reduced rates attract customers
• Curiosity drives visitation
• Extra amenities attract visitors