Transportation in Animals and Plants

Transportation in Animals and Plants

• Animals and plants transport substances throughout their bodies.
• Transportation methods differ between animals and plants.
• Animals use circulatory systems; plants utilize xylem and phloem.

Human Circulatory System

• The circulatory system consists of blood vessels that carry blood away from and to the heart.
• Blood is composed of red blood cells (carrying oxygen), white blood cells (fighting infection), plasma (fluid component), and platelets (involved in clotting).

Heart

• The heart is the pumping organ.
• The aorta is the largest artery, distributing oxygenated blood throughout the body.
• The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
• Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood back to the heart.
• The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
• The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
• The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
• The left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body via the aorta.

Blood Vessels

• Arteries carry blood away from the heart under high pressure, have thick elastic walls, and lack valves.
• Veins carry blood towards the heart under low pressure, have thin walls, and contain valves to prevent backflow.
• Capillaries connect arteries and veins, facilitating the exchange of substances between blood and tissues.

Human Excretory System

• The excretory system removes metabolic waste from the body.
• Metabolic waste includes ammonia, urea, uric acid, CO2, and water.
• Kidneys filter the blood, removing waste, and forming urine.
• Urine is stored temporarily in the urinary bladder.
• The urethra expels urine from the body.

Urine Formation

• Blood contains both useful and harmful substances.
• Kidneys filter blood, retaining useful substances and removing waste.
• Urine is primarily composed of water, urea, and other waste products.
• An adult human typically produces roughly 1-1.8 liters of urine in 24 hours.

Kidney Malfunction and Artificial Kidney

• Kidney malfunction can lead to the need for an artificial kidney.
• The artificial kidney filters the blood, removing excess wastes and fluid.
• Dialysis uses a dialyzer to remove waste products from the blood.

Excretion in Other Animals

• Excretory methods differ across animal species.
• Fish excrete ammonia.
• Birds and some reptiles excrete uric acid.

Transportation in Plants

• Plants transport food and water separately through xylem and phloem.

Xylem

• Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.
• The flow is unidirectional.

Phloem

• Phloem transports food (sugars, amino acids, proteins) from leaves to other parts of the plant.
• The flow is bidirectional.

Transpiration

• Transpiration is the loss of water vapor through stomata.
• It helps transport water and cools the plant.

Excretion in Plants

• Plants don't possess a specialized excretory system.
• They excrete wastes through various means, such as storing them in old xylem, releasing them into the soil, or through gaseous exchange.

Explore the fascinating ways in which transportation occurs in animals and plants. This quiz covers how circulatory systems function in animals compared to the xylem and phloem in plants. Test your knowledge on the human circulatory system and its components, including the heart and blood vessels.