Cardiovascular System: Heart and Peripheral Blood Vessels

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What is the location of the apex of the heart?

Just above the diaphragm, left of the midline (correct)
In the center of the chest, anterior to the spine
Just below the diaphragm, right of the midline
At approximately the level of the second rib

What is the main function of the specialized structures in myocardium cells?

To increase the amount of blood pumped by the heart
To enable the heart to contract (correct)
To increase the thickness of the myocardium
To regulate the heart rate

What is the approximate size of the heart?

The size of an adult's open hand
The size of an adult's head
The size of an adult's foot
The size of an adult's closed fist (correct)

What is the name of the innermost layer of the heart?

Endocardium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the myocardium cells' electrical properties?

They are similar to those of smooth muscle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the base of the heart?

At approximately the level of the second rib (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the proportion of the heart's mass to the left of the midline?

Two-thirds (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the outermost layer of the heart?

Pericardium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the heart's location in the mediastinum?

It protects the heart from damage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the great vessels in relation to the heart?

To connect to the heart through the base (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pericardial fluid in the pericardial cavity?

To reduce friction as the heart beats and changes position (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the valve that separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery?

Pulmonic valve (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

Pulmonary veins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the specialized fibers that connect the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles?

Chordae tendineae (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the interatrial and interventricular septa?

To separate the atria and ventricles (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the aorta goes through the diaphragm and enters the abdomen?

Abdominal aorta (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the heart muscle?

Epicardium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the left myocardium being thicker than the right?

Because the lungs offer less resistance to blood flow (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of nutrients for the heart muscle?

The coronary arteries (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the papillary muscles in the ventricles?

To open the valves and allow blood flow between the atria and ventricles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of perfusion in the heart?

From the outermost layer to the innermost layer (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the left coronary artery supplies the heart’s lower conduction system?

Anterior descending artery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the coronary vessels during diastole?

To relax and allow blood to flow through the coronary arteries (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of collateral circulation in the heart?

To provide an alternative path for blood flow in case of a blockage (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tunica media in arteries and veins?

To give blood vessels their strength and recoil (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the diameter of a vessel and the amount of blood it can transport?

The diameter of a vessel is directly proportional to the fourth power of the amount of blood it can transport (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the arterioles in the arterial system?

To regulate blood flow to various organs through their degree of resistance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the capillary walls in the vascular system?

To exchange gases, fluids, and nutrients with the surrounding tissues (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of blood flow in the venous system?

From the peripheral tissues to the heart (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the tunica media in arteries and veins?

The tunica media is thicker in arteries than in veins (C) Signup and view all the answers