Transplantation and Graft Rejection Quiz 19.3

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Which type of graft involves transplanting tissue from a genetically identical donor?

Xenograft

Allograft

Isograft (correct)

Autograft

What is the main cause of graft rejection?

Lack of immunosuppressant drugs

Donor tissue being too similar to recipient tissue

Recipient's immune system recognizing donor tissue as foreign (correct)

Donor tissue being too different from recipient tissue

Which markers play a role in transplant rejection?

Tissue-specific markers

Organ-specific markers

Blood type markers

Major histocompatibility complex markers (correct)

What is the purpose of matching HLAs in bone marrow transplants?

To minimize the risk of graft-versus-host disease Signup and view all the answers

When does acute GVHD typically develop?

Within weeks after a bone marrow transplant Signup and view all the answers

What is GVHD?

A disease that affects the recipient's immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

They make the recipient vulnerable to infectious diseases and transplant-related malignancies Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

To replace damaged or abnormal organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

Viral sequences may be embedded in the pig genome Signup and view all the answers

Which type of graft involves the transplantation of tissue from one individual to another individual of the same species with a different genotype?

Allograft Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for graft rejection?

The recipient's immune system recognizes the donor tissue as foreign and attacks it. Signup and view all the answers

What role do major histocompatibility complex markers play in transplant rejection?

They contribute to the recognition of foreign tissue by the recipient's immune system. Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to minimize the risk of graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplants?

Matching HLAs of the donor and recipient. Signup and view all the answers

What is graft-versus-host disease?

When the recipient's immune system attacks the transplanted tissue. Signup and view all the answers

When does acute GVHD typically develop after a bone marrow transplant?

Within weeks. Signup and view all the answers

Why do transplant recipients require treatment with immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of their lives?

To prevent rejection of the transplanted tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is the current focus of research in organ transplantation?

Developing methods to grow new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge in using genetically modified pigs to provide transplantable organs?

Identifying and neutralizing risks from viral sequences that might be embedded in the pig genome. Signup and view all the answers

What is a graft?

The transplantation of an organ or tissue to replace a missing or damaged one Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of grafts?

Allografts, isografts, autografts, and xenografts Signup and view all the answers

What is graft rejection?

The recipient's immune system recognizing the donor tissue as foreign and triggering an immune response Signup and view all the answers

What role do major histocompatibility complex markers play in transplant rejection?

They trigger an immune response against the transplanted tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of matching HLAs in bone marrow transplants?

To minimize the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) Signup and view all the answers

What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

The transplanted tissue attacking recipient cells Signup and view all the answers

When does acute GVHD typically develop?

Within weeks after a bone marrow transplant Signup and view all the answers

What is chronic GVHD?

A type of transplant rejection that occurs months after the transplant Signup and view all the answers

Why do transplant recipients require treatment with immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of their lives?

To prevent the immune system from attacking the transplanted tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

To provide transplantable organs that do not elicit an immune response in the recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is the renewed research interest in genetic modification of donor animals, such as pigs?

To provide transplantable organs that do not elicit an immune response in the recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

Identifying and neutralizing risks from viral sequences that might be embedded in the pig genome Signup and view all the answers

What is a graft?

The transplantation of an organ or tissue to a different location to replace a missing or damaged organ or tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of grafts?

Allografts, isografts, autografts, and xenografts Signup and view all the answers

What causes graft rejection?

The recipient's immune system recognizing the donor tissue as foreign and triggering an immune response Signup and view all the answers

What role do major histocompatibility complex markers play in transplant rejection?

They help the recipient's immune system recognize the donor tissue as foreign Signup and view all the answers

What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

When the recipient's immune system recognizes the donor tissue as foreign and attacks it Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of matching HLAs in bone marrow transplants?

To decrease the risk of graft-versus-host disease Signup and view all the answers

What is acute GVHD?

GVHD that causes tissue damage affecting multiple organs Signup and view all the answers

What is chronic GVHD?

GVHD that develops months after a bone marrow transplant Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

They make the recipient more vulnerable to complications from infectious diseases and transplant-related malignancies Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

To decrease the risk of graft rejection Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

Pigs are too difficult to find Signup and view all the answers

What is genetic modification of donor animals, such as pigs, used for?

To decrease the risk of graft rejection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of graft?

Heterograft Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between MHC gene match and graft rejection?

The more similar the MHC gene match, the more likely the graft is to be tolerated. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between acute and chronic GVHD?

Acute GVHD affects a single organ, while chronic GVHD affects multiple organs. Signup and view all the answers

Why do transplant recipients require treatment with immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of their lives?

To prevent the recipient's immune system from attacking the graft. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of genetic modification of donor animals, such as pigs?

To provide transplantable organs that do not elicit an immune response in the recipient. Signup and view all the answers

What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

When transplanted tissue is capable of producing immune cells and attacks recipient cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

The pig genome contains viral sequences that might be embedded in the recipient's genome. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of graft that involves transplanting tissue from one individual to another individual of the same species with a different genotype?

Allograft Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of using immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

They make the recipient vulnerable to complications from infectious diseases and transplant-related malignancies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of matching HLAs of the donor and recipient in bone marrow transplants?

To prevent the recipient from developing GVHD. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

To provide transplantable organs that are genetically identical to the recipient. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of transplant rejection?

The recipient's immune system recognizes the donor tissue as foreign and triggers an immune response. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of graft involves transplanting tissue from an identical twin?

Isograft Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rejection of a graft by the recipient's immune system?

Rejection Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of major histocompatibility complex markers in transplant rejection?

They increase the risk of graft rejection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the disease that occurs when transplanted tissue attacks recipient cells?

Graft-versus-host disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why transplant recipients require treatment with immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of their lives?

To prevent graft rejection Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of matching HLAs in bone marrow transplants?

To decrease the risk of GVHD Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tissue damage affecting multiple organs caused by acute GVHD?

Acute inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the disease that develops months after a bone marrow transplant and is not well understood?

Chronic GVHD Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of growing new organs in vitro from an individual’s own harvested cells?

Tissue engineering Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of modifying donor animals, such as pigs, to provide transplantable organs that do not elicit an immune response in the recipient?

Genetic engineering Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

Identifying and neutralizing risks from viral sequences in the pig genome Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of graft that involves transplanting tissue from one individual to another individual of the same species with a different genotype?

Allograft Signup and view all the answers

What is a graft?

The transplantation of an organ or tissue to a different location to replace a missing or damaged organ or tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of grafts?

Allografts, isografts, autografts, and xenografts. Signup and view all the answers

What is graft rejection?

When the recipient's immune system recognizes the donor tissue as foreign and triggers an immune response. Signup and view all the answers

What role do major histocompatibility complex markers play in transplant rejection?

They play a role in transplant rejection, and the more similar the MHC gene match, the more likely the graft is to be tolerated. Signup and view all the answers

What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

When transplanted tissue is capable of producing immune cells and attacks recipient cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of matching HLAs of the donor and recipient in bone marrow transplants?

To minimize the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

They make recipients vulnerable to complications from infectious diseases and transplant-related malignancies. Signup and view all the answers

What are scientists developing to replace damaged or abnormal organs?

Methods to grow new organs in vitro from an individual’s own harvested cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is genetic modification of donor animals being used for?

To provide transplantable organs that do not elicit an immune response in the recipient. Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

Identifying and neutralizing risks from viral sequences that might be embedded in the pig genome. Signup and view all the answers

What is acute GVHD?

GVHD that typically develops within weeks after a bone marrow transplant and causes tissue damage affecting multiple organs. Signup and view all the answers

What is chronic GVHD?

GVHD that develops months after a bone marrow transplant and is not well understood. Signup and view all the answers

What is a graft?

The transplantation of an organ or tissue to a different location to replace a missing or damaged organ or tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of grafts?

Allografts, isografts, autografts, and xenografts Signup and view all the answers

What is graft rejection?

When the recipient's immune system recognizes the donor tissue as foreign and triggers an immune response Signup and view all the answers

What role do major histocompatibility complex markers play in transplant rejection?

They play a role in transplant rejection, and the more similar the MHC gene match, the more likely the graft is to be tolerated Signup and view all the answers

What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

When transplanted tissue is capable of producing immune cells and attacks recipient cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of matching HLAs of the donor and recipient in bone marrow transplants?

To minimize the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

They make the recipient vulnerable to complications from infectious diseases and transplant-related malignancies Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

To replace damaged or abnormal organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

Identifying and neutralizing risks from viral sequences that might be embedded in the pig genome Signup and view all the answers

What is acute GVHD?

A type of GVHD that typically develops within weeks after a bone marrow transplant and causes tissue damage affecting multiple organs Signup and view all the answers

What is chronic GVHD?

A type of GVHD that develops months after a bone marrow transplant and is not well understood Signup and view all the answers

What are scientists doing to provide transplantable organs that do not elicit an immune response in the recipient?

Genetic modification of donor animals, such as pigs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of graft involves transplanting tissue from the same individual to a different location?

Autograft Signup and view all the answers

Which type of graft involves transplanting tissue from a genetically identical donor?

Isograft Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of graft rejection?

Immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which markers play a role in transplant rejection?

HLAs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of matching HLAs in bone marrow transplants?

To minimize the risk of graft-versus-host disease Signup and view all the answers

What is GVHD?

An immune response Signup and view all the answers

When does acute GVHD typically develop after a bone marrow transplant?

Within weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

They increase the risk of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

To minimize the risk of graft rejection Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

The risk of viral sequences embedded in the pig genome Signup and view all the answers

What type of graft involves the transplantation of tissue from one individual to another individual of the same species with a different genotype?

Allograft Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to minimize the risk of graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplants?

Matching HLA markers Signup and view all the answers

What is a graft?

The transplantation of an organ or tissue to replace a missing or damaged one Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between allografts and isografts?

Allografts involve transplanting tissue from a genetically identical donor, while isografts involve transplanting tissue from a donor of the same species with a different genotype Signup and view all the answers

What is graft rejection?

The rejection of a transplanted organ or tissue Signup and view all the answers

What role do major histocompatibility complex markers play in transplant rejection?

They help the graft to be tolerated by the recipient's immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

The attack of transplanted tissue on recipient cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between acute and chronic GVHD?

Acute GVHD typically develops within weeks after a bone marrow transplant, while chronic GVHD develops months after Signup and view all the answers

Why do transplant recipients require treatment with immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of their lives?

To prevent the rejection of the graft Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

To provide transplantable organs that do not elicit an immune response in the recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

Viral sequences might be embedded in the pig genome Signup and view all the answers

What is xenograft?

The transplantation of tissue from a different species Signup and view all the answers

What is autograft?

The transplantation of tissue from the recipient's own body Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of matching HLAs in bone marrow transplants?

To prevent the development of GVHD Signup and view all the answers

Which type of graft involves transplanting tissue from the same individual to replace a missing or damaged organ or tissue?

Autograft Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between allograft and isograft?

Allograft is from a different individual while isograft is from the same individual Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about graft rejection?

It occurs when the recipient's immune system recognizes the donor tissue as foreign and triggers an immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of major histocompatibility complex markers in transplant rejection?

They contribute to transplant rejection Signup and view all the answers

Why is matching HLAs of the donor and recipient important in bone marrow transplants?

To minimize the risk of graft-versus-host disease Signup and view all the answers

What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

It occurs when the donor tissue produces immune cells that attack recipient cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between acute and chronic GVHD?

Acute GVHD develops within weeks after the bone marrow transplant while chronic GVHD develops months after the transplant Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of treatment with immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

It increases the risk of transplant-related malignancies Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

To provide transplantable organs that do not elicit an immune response in the recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is the renewed research interest in genetic modification of donor animals, such as pigs, for transplantable organs?

To provide transplantable organs that do not elicit an immune response in the recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

Identifying and neutralizing risks from viral sequences that might be embedded in the pig genome Signup and view all the answers

What type of graft involves the transplantation of tissue from a different individual of the same species with a different genotype?

Allograft Signup and view all the answers

What is a graft?

The transplantation of an organ or tissue to replace a missing or damaged one Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of grafts?

Allografts, isografts, autografts, and xenografts Signup and view all the answers

What is graft rejection?

The recognition of the transplanted tissue as foreign by the recipient's immune system and triggering an immune response Signup and view all the answers

What role do major histocompatibility complex markers play in transplant rejection?

They increase the likelihood of the graft being tolerated Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of matching HLAs in bone marrow transplants?

To decrease the risk of graft-versus-host disease Signup and view all the answers

What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

When the transplanted tissue attacks the recipient's immune system Signup and view all the answers

When does chronic GVHD develop?

Within months after a bone marrow transplant Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

They increase the risk of transplant-related malignancies Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

To provide transplantable organs that do not elicit an immune response in the recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is the renewed research interest in genetic modification of donor animals, such as pigs?

To neutralize risks from viral sequences that might be embedded in the pig genome Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

Pigs elicit an immune response in the recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is an isograft?

The transplantation of tissue from one individual to another individual of the same species with the same genotype Signup and view all the answers

What is an allograft?

A graft of tissue from one individual to another individual of the same species with a different genotype Signup and view all the answers

What is an autograft?

A graft of tissue from an individual to themselves Signup and view all the answers

What is a xenograft?

A graft of tissue from one individual to another individual of a different species Signup and view all the answers

What triggers rejection of a graft?

The recipient's immune system recognizing the donor tissue as foreign and triggering an immune response Signup and view all the answers

What role do major histocompatibility complex markers play in transplant rejection?

They determine the likelihood of the graft being tolerated Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of matching HLAs in bone marrow transplants?

To minimize the risk of graft-versus-host disease Signup and view all the answers

What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

When transplanted tissue is capable of producing immune cells and attacks recipient cells Signup and view all the answers

When does chronic GVHD typically develop after a bone marrow transplant?

Within months after the bone marrow transplant Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

They make the recipient vulnerable to complications from infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

To provide transplantable organs that do not elicit an immune response in the recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

Identifying and neutralizing risks from viral sequences that might be embedded in the pig genome Signup and view all the answers

What is acute GVHD?

When the recipient's immune system recognizes the donor tissue as foreign and triggers an immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which type of graft involves transplanting tissue from the same individual?

Autograft Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between acute and chronic GVHD?

The time it takes to develop after a transplant Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

To prevent graft rejection Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

Identifying and neutralizing risks from viral sequences Signup and view all the answers

Which type of graft involves transplanting tissue from a donor of the same species with a different genotype?

Allograft Signup and view all the answers

What is GVHD?

A condition where the recipient's immune system attacks transplanted tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of major histocompatibility complex markers in transplant rejection?

They trigger an immune response in the donor tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to minimize the risk of GVHD in bone marrow transplants?

Matching HLAs of the donor and recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

To provide transplantable organs that do not elicit an immune response in the recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

They make the recipient vulnerable to complications from infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for transplant rejection?

The recipient's immune system recognizes the donor tissue as foreign Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between autografts and allografts?

Autografts involve transplanting tissue from one part of the body to another part of the same individual, while allografts involve transplanting tissue from a donor of the same species with a different genotype Signup and view all the answers

Transplantation and Graft Rejection Quiz 19.3

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Questions and Answers

Which type of graft involves transplanting tissue from a genetically identical donor?

What is the main cause of graft rejection?

Which markers play a role in transplant rejection?

What is the purpose of matching HLAs in bone marrow transplants?

When does acute GVHD typically develop?

What is GVHD?

What is the main drawback of immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

Which type of graft involves the transplantation of tissue from one individual to another individual of the same species with a different genotype?

What is the main reason for graft rejection?

What role do major histocompatibility complex markers play in transplant rejection?

What is the best way to minimize the risk of graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplants?

What is graft-versus-host disease?

When does acute GVHD typically develop after a bone marrow transplant?

Why do transplant recipients require treatment with immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of their lives?

What is the current focus of research in organ transplantation?

What is a challenge in using genetically modified pigs to provide transplantable organs?

What is a graft?

What are the different types of grafts?

What is graft rejection?

What role do major histocompatibility complex markers play in transplant rejection?

What is the purpose of matching HLAs in bone marrow transplants?

What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

When does acute GVHD typically develop?

What is chronic GVHD?

Why do transplant recipients require treatment with immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of their lives?

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

What is the renewed research interest in genetic modification of donor animals, such as pigs?

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

What is a graft?

What are the different types of grafts?

What causes graft rejection?

What role do major histocompatibility complex markers play in transplant rejection?

What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

What is the purpose of matching HLAs in bone marrow transplants?

What is acute GVHD?

What is chronic GVHD?

What is the main drawback of immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

What is genetic modification of donor animals, such as pigs, used for?

Which of the following is NOT a type of graft?

What is the relationship between MHC gene match and graft rejection?

What is the main difference between acute and chronic GVHD?

Why do transplant recipients require treatment with immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of their lives?

What is the goal of genetic modification of donor animals, such as pigs?

What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

What is the risk associated with using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

Which of the following is a type of graft that involves transplanting tissue from one individual to another individual of the same species with a different genotype?

What is the main drawback of using immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

What is the purpose of matching HLAs of the donor and recipient in bone marrow transplants?

What is the goal of growing new organs in vitro from an individual's own harvested cells?

What is the main cause of transplant rejection?

Which type of graft involves transplanting tissue from an identical twin?

What is the term for the rejection of a graft by the recipient's immune system?

What is the role of major histocompatibility complex markers in transplant rejection?

What is the term for the disease that occurs when transplanted tissue attacks recipient cells?

What is the main reason why transplant recipients require treatment with immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of their lives?

What is the purpose of matching HLAs in bone marrow transplants?

What is the term for the tissue damage affecting multiple organs caused by acute GVHD?

What is the term for the disease that develops months after a bone marrow transplant and is not well understood?

What is the term for the process of growing new organs in vitro from an individual’s own harvested cells?

What is the term for the process of modifying donor animals, such as pigs, to provide transplantable organs that do not elicit an immune response in the recipient?

What is the main challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

What is the term for the type of graft that involves transplanting tissue from one individual to another individual of the same species with a different genotype?

What is a graft?

What are the different types of grafts?

What is graft rejection?

What role do major histocompatibility complex markers play in transplant rejection?

What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

What is the purpose of matching HLAs of the donor and recipient in bone marrow transplants?

What is the main drawback of immunosuppressant drugs for transplant recipients?

What are scientists developing to replace damaged or abnormal organs?

What is genetic modification of donor animals being used for?

What is the challenge in using pigs as donors for transplantable organs?

What is acute GVHD?