Transpiration in Plants
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What is the main purpose of transpiration in plants?

  • Transport carbon dioxide from roots to leaves
  • Absorb carbon dioxide from the air
  • Produce sugars through photosynthesis
  • Transport water from roots to other parts (correct)

    • The cuticle on leaves is permeable to water.

    False

    What are the two types of cells involved in the formation and regulation of stomata?

    Epidermal cell and guard cell

    During the __________, guard cells close the stomata to minimize water loss.

    <p>night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the plant structure to its function:

    <p>Waxy cuticle = Reduces water loss Stomata = Gas exchange Guard cells = Regulate stomata opening Epidermal cells = Protective layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does transpiration have on plant temperature?

    <p>Cools the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most stomata are located on the upper epidermis of leaves.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do terrestrial plants have few or no stomata on the upper epidermis of their leaves?

    <p>To reduce water loss by evaporation in hot conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the rate of transpiration when light intensity increases?

    <p>It increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transpiration decreases with an increase in temperature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does wind speed have on transpiration?

    <p>Increases the rate of transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the opening of the stoma in guard cells?

    <p>Water uptake by guard cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As temperature increases, the rate of __________ from the surfaces of mesophyll cells increases.

    <p>evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inner wall of guard cells is thinner than the outer wall.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors with their effects on transpiration:

    <p>Increased light intensity = Increases transpiration High temperature = Increases transpiration Still air = Decreases transpiration Increased wind speed = Increases transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does still air have on the rate of transpiration?

    <p>It decreases the rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one condition that can lead to the closure of stomata in plants?

    <p>Water deficit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The diffusion of water vapor out of leaves is faster when there is high humidity in the air.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The upper epidermis of dicotyledonous plants has _____ stomatal density compared to the lower epidermis.

    <p>lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain why increased light intensity leads to higher transpiration rates.

    <p>Increased light intensity causes stomata to open wider, increasing the area for water vapor diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of plant with its characteristic features regarding stomatal distribution:

    <p>Terrestrial dicotyledonous = Cuticle-covered epidermis with lower upper stomatal density Terrestrial monocotyledonous = Stomata distributed equally on both sides Submerged plants = Few or no stomata, no cuticle Floating plants = Adapted for gas exchange through all surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cuticle in terrestrial plants?

    <p>To reduce water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stomatal density is higher on the upper epidermis of terrestrial dicotyledonous plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the vertical orientation of leaves in monocot plants help their stomatal function?

    <p>It allows both sides to receive equal sunlight and lose water at a similar rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does strong wind have on the rate of transpiration?

    <p>Decreases the rate of transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relative humidity has no impact on the rate of transpiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List three examples that lead to a higher rate of transpiration.

    <ol> <li>The surface area of leaves is larger. 2. The cuticle is thinner. 3. The stomatal density is higher.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    The rate of transpiration decreases when the relative humidity of the surrounding air ______.

    <p>increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the areas with their descriptions:

    <p>Area X = Net amount of water lost by the plant Area Y = Net amount of water absorbed by the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects the rate of transpiration the most?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cuticle that is thicker generally leads to a higher rate of transpiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Area Y being larger than Area X?

    <p>It indicates that the plant has a net uptake of water during the 24-hour period, retaining some for photosynthesis, cell formation, and other metabolic activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the root is primarily responsible for water absorption?

    <p>Root hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The xylem is responsible for transporting sugars in plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method through which water moves from root hair cells to cortical cells?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Root hair cells absorb nitrate ions by __________ transport.

    <p>active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures with their functions in the root:

    <p>Root hair = Absorption of water and minerals Cortex = Transport of water to the vascular bundle Phloem = Transport of sugars Xylem = Transport of water and dissolved minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason water enters root hair cells by osmosis?

    <p>Higher concentration of solutes inside root hair cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most water in the root travels through the vacuoles of cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the water potential of root hair cells when they absorb water?

    <p>It becomes lower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main functions of support in plants?

    <p>To maximize light absorption for photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thick-walled cells provide support that is dependent on the water content of the plant.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to thin-walled cells when water supply is inadequate?

    <p>They become flaccid and the plant wilts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thick-walled cells contain ________, which makes them hard and rigid.

    <p>lignin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Turgidity = Condition of being swollen with water Xylem = Vessel that transports water and nutrients Flaccidity = Loss of firmness in plant cells Woody plants = Plants that develop a hard, rigid stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Transpiration in Plants

    • Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from plants.
    • Humans lose heat through evaporation of sweat.
    • Plants lose heat through transpiration.
    • Sites of transpiration include stomata, cuticle, and lenticels.
    • Transpiration creates a pulling force (transpiration pull).
    • This pull draws water up through xylem vessels.
    • Cohesive and adhesive forces maintain the water column.
    • Xylem vessels are similar to straws and help transport water.
    • Water moves from the mesophyll cells to the air spaces, then out of the stomata into the atmosphere.
    • Water potential in mesophyll cells decreases during transpiration.
    • Water moves from neighboring cells into the mesophyll cells by osmosis.
    • Transpiration pull is created to pull water up the xylem vessel from the roots.

    Significance of Transpiration

    • Trees can grow up to 50 meters tall.
    • Xylem vessels are hollow (low resistance) and have thick walls (high strength).
    • Transpiration is essential for transporting water, minerals, and carbon dioxide.
    • Transpiration is essential for transporting water to other parts of the plants.
    • Transpiration is essential for nutrient transportation from the roots to the other parts of the plant.
    • Transpiration is essential for transporting minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant.

    Features of Leaves to prevent Water Loss

    • Leaves have a waxy cuticle (impermeable to water).
    • Fewer stomata on the upper epidermis.
    • Stomata close at night.
    • Stomata close to reduce water loss through evaporation.

    Stomata and Guard Cells

    • Guard cells regulate stomatal opening and closing.
    • Thickened inner wall, thinner outer wall.
    • Turgid guard cells cause the stomata to open.
    • Water uptake by guard cells causes them to become turgid.

    Distribution of Stomata

    • Terrestrial dicots have fewer stomata on the upper epidermis.
    • Submerged plants have few or no stomata.
    • Floating plants have stomata on the upper epidermis.

    Measurement of Transpiration Rate

    • Potometers measure transpiration rate.
    • Leafy shoot cut under water to prevent air blockage.
    • Initial air bubble position recorded five minutes after immersing in water.

    Environmental Factors Affecting Transpiration Rate

    • Light intensity: Higher light intensity leads to more transpiration.
    • Temperature: Higher temperatures leads to more transpiration.
    • Relative Humidity: Higher relative humidity decreases transpiration.
    • Wind speed: Higher wind speed increases transpiration.

    Absorption of Water and Minerals

    • Water moves from the soil into root hair cells by osmosis.
    • Dissolved minerals are absorbed by active transport.
    • Water travels through the root cortex via the symplast, apoplast and vacuolar pathways.
    • The water potential in root hair cells is lower than that of soil water.
    • Water moves from an area of higher water potential (soil) to lower water potential (root hair).

    Transport in Plants

    • Xylem transports water and minerals.
    • Phloem transports organic nutrients.
    • Xylem cells are dead.
    • Phloem cells are living.
    • Xylem is hollow.
    • Phloem has sieve plates.

    Support in Plants

    • Turgidity of thin-walled cells gives support. Water moving into the cell causes the cell to expand, keeping the plant upright.
    • Rigidity of thick-walled cells gives support. Lignin in the cell walls of xylem makes them rigid and woody plants.

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    Related Documents

    HKDSE Ch.10 Transpiration, Transport and Support in Plants Worksheet Answer Key PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the process of transpiration in plants, detailing how water vapor loss occurs and its significance in plant physiology. Learn about the mechanisms involved, including stomata, xylem vessels, and the pull created through transpiration. Test your understanding of how transpiration affects water movement within plants.

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