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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of translation?
What is the language of the text that is to be or has been translated?
What is the correct translation of 'những/các' in Vietnamese?
What is the meaning of 'lamb' in English?
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What is the closest natural equivalent of 'runs' in 'The river runs' in Vietnamese?
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What are the four main stages of translation?
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What is the meaning of 'The doctor's office'?
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What is the goal of translation in terms of style?
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What is the primary function of translation?
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What is replaced in the receptor language during translation?
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What is translated first in the translation process?
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What is the closest natural equivalent of 'runs' in 'The river runs' in Vietnamese?
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What is the language of the original text called?
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What are translators aiming to convey across linguistic and cultural barriers?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Translation
- Translation is the process of rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way the author intended.
- In translation, the form of the source language is replaced by the form of the receptor language.
Key Concepts in Translation
- Translating involves reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
- The source language is the language of the text that is to be or has been translated.
- The target language or receptor language is the language into which the text is being translated.
Language and Culture
- Translation involves conveying messages across linguistic and cultural barriers.
Meaning and Equivalence
- Translation involves preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences between the source and target languages.
- There are four main stages to be followed by translators: the analysis of meaning, the discovery of meaning, the transfer of meaning, and the re-expression of meaning of the source into the target.
Language and Nuances
- In Vietnamese, plurality is expressed in an isolated word as “những/các”.
- The word “lamb” means a young sheep.
- The word “runs” in “The river runs” can be translated as “chạy”.
- The phrase “The doctor’s office” means the office belongs to the doctor.
- The phrase “The man’s eye” means the eye belongs to the man.
Translation Fundamentals
- Translation is the process of rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended.
- It involves replacing the form of the source language with the form of the target language.
- The goal of translation is to reproduce in the target language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, considering both meaning and style.
Language Concepts
- The source language is the language of the original text that is to be translated.
- The target language is the language into which the text is being translated.
- The receptor language is another term for the target language.
Linguistic and Cultural Considerations
- Translation involves conveying messages across linguistic and cultural barriers.
- It requires considering the nuances of language and culture to ensure accurate and effective communication.
Expressing Meaning
- The meaning of a phrase or sentence can be influenced by the context and grammatical structure.
- For example, "The doctor's office" implies that the doctor works in an office, not that the office belongs to the doctor.
- Similarly, "The man's eye" implies that the eye is part of the man, not that the man owns an eye.
Translation Process
- The translation process involves four main stages: analysis of meaning, discovery of meaning, transfer of meaning, and re-expression of meaning in the target language.
- These stages are crucial to ensure that the translated text accurately conveys the original message and intent.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the basics of translation, including the definition of translation and the role of source and target languages.
