Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following areas is NOT part of the pure area of research in translation studies?
Which of the following areas is NOT part of the pure area of research in translation studies?
What feature was NOT suggested by Baker for analyzing translated texts?
What feature was NOT suggested by Baker for analyzing translated texts?
Translation studies only focus on theoretical research.
Translation studies only focus on theoretical research.
False
Monolingual corpora are collections of texts in different languages.
Monolingual corpora are collections of texts in different languages.
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What does the descriptive aspect of translation studies examine?
What does the descriptive aspect of translation studies examine?
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What are the three initial stages of the interpretative model in translation?
What are the three initial stages of the interpretative model in translation?
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The theoretical side of translation studies is divided into general and __________ theories.
The theoretical side of translation studies is divided into general and __________ theories.
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Match the following aspects of applied translation studies with their descriptions:
Match the following aspects of applied translation studies with their descriptions:
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Bernardini et al discusses ______ corpora which consist of similar source texts in two languages.
Bernardini et al discusses ______ corpora which consist of similar source texts in two languages.
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Which theory focuses on the relationship between translations and various systems within a cultural context?
Which theory focuses on the relationship between translations and various systems within a cultural context?
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Match the types of corpus with their descriptions:
Match the types of corpus with their descriptions:
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Which stage was added later to the interpretative model by the translators?
Which stage was added later to the interpretative model by the translators?
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The applied side of translation studies is considered well-developed.
The applied side of translation studies is considered well-developed.
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What two fields are suggested to be considered parallel to translation studies?
What two fields are suggested to be considered parallel to translation studies?
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Gutt's relevance theory emphasizes translation as a process of direct transfer from the source text to target text.
Gutt's relevance theory emphasizes translation as a process of direct transfer from the source text to target text.
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What does the cognitive process of translation analyze?
What does the cognitive process of translation analyze?
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Which of the following concepts is NOT one of the major pragmatic concepts?
Which of the following concepts is NOT one of the major pragmatic concepts?
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Presupposition is related to the knowledge the sender assumes the receiver to have.
Presupposition is related to the knowledge the sender assumes the receiver to have.
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Who developed the concept of implicature?
Who developed the concept of implicature?
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According to Hatim and Mason, __________ elements require a literal approach in translation.
According to Hatim and Mason, __________ elements require a literal approach in translation.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What aspect of discourse do Hatim and Mason argue goes beyond traditional models?
What aspect of discourse do Hatim and Mason argue goes beyond traditional models?
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Polysystem theory views translated literature as a system operating independently from the target culture.
Polysystem theory views translated literature as a system operating independently from the target culture.
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What are the four maxims proposed by Grice regarding implicature?
What are the four maxims proposed by Grice regarding implicature?
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What should the TT of an informative text do?
What should the TT of an informative text do?
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The translator should adopt the point of view of the author for expressive type texts.
The translator should adopt the point of view of the author for expressive type texts.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the analytical steps for a translator to follow?
Which of the following is NOT one of the analytical steps for a translator to follow?
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What model did Mary Snell-Hornby propose for translation based on text types?
What model did Mary Snell-Hornby propose for translation based on text types?
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Formal correspondence refers to categories that occupy different places in the economy of the target language than in the source language.
Formal correspondence refers to categories that occupy different places in the economy of the target language than in the source language.
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TT of ______ text should produce the wanted response in the ST receiver.
TT of ______ text should produce the wanted response in the ST receiver.
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the instruction criteria for the adequacy of the TT?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the instruction criteria for the adequacy of the TT?
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What are the two types of translation shifts identified by Catford?
What are the two types of translation shifts identified by Catford?
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A __________ shift occurs when something expressed by grammar in one language is expressed by lexis in another.
A __________ shift occurs when something expressed by grammar in one language is expressed by lexis in another.
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Match the translation levels proposed by Mary Snell-Hornby with their descriptions:
Match the translation levels proposed by Mary Snell-Hornby with their descriptions:
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The translator's action model focuses on the communication function for the TT producer.
The translator's action model focuses on the communication function for the TT producer.
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Match the type of shift with its description:
Match the type of shift with its description:
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Who identified the roles involved in the translational action model?
Who identified the roles involved in the translational action model?
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What is markedness in translation?
What is markedness in translation?
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Corpus-based translation studies rely heavily on traditional printed texts for their analysis.
Corpus-based translation studies rely heavily on traditional printed texts for their analysis.
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What is one main criticism of Catford's work?
What is one main criticism of Catford's work?
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What percentage of books are typically translated in the UK and USA?
What percentage of books are typically translated in the UK and USA?
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Meg Brown's study emphasizes the importance of the reviews in the public reception of translations.
Meg Brown's study emphasizes the importance of the reviews in the public reception of translations.
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What are the two types of paratextual elements identified by Genette?
What are the two types of paratextual elements identified by Genette?
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According to Venuti, English-language reviews generally prefer __________ translations.
According to Venuti, English-language reviews generally prefer __________ translations.
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Match the authors to their contributions to translation studies:
Match the authors to their contributions to translation studies:
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What is the focus of Steiner’s hermeneutic motion?
What is the focus of Steiner’s hermeneutic motion?
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The hermeneutics of translation according to Steiner is defined as a science.
The hermeneutics of translation according to Steiner is defined as a science.
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The analysis of reviews can be performed __________ to examine a range of reviews for a single work.
The analysis of reviews can be performed __________ to examine a range of reviews for a single work.
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Study Notes
Chapter 1: Main Issues of Translation Studies
- Translation is the written word, while interpretation is oral
- Translation studies are a relatively new field compared to the practice of translation
- This field draws from studies of Ancient Rome, Greek, Latin and the Bible
- Translation can be considered as a phenomenon, a product or a process
- The source text (ST), in the source language (SL), is translated into the target text (TT), in the target language (TL)
- Jakobson distinguished three types of translation: intralingual, interlingual, intersemiotic
- Translation studies became important due to the expansion of specialised programs, increase of conferences, books, journals
Chapter 2: The Basic Concepts of Early Translation Theory
- The debate between word-for-word and sense-for-sense translation is long-standing
- Cicero favored sense-for-sense translation
- Horace criticized word-for-word translations and influenced St. Jerome
- St Jerome translated the New Testament sense-for-sense, preferring to render the sense of the original Greek text rather than a direct word-for-word translation from the Greek Septuagint version.
- Early Chinese and Arabic translation practices varied, sometimes favoring literalness due to a lack of bilingual skill, and evolving to preference for rendering the meaning of the text (sense-for-sense).
Chapter 3: Equivalence and Equivalent Effect
- The debate in translation studies in the past 20th century focused on definition of meaning and equivalence
- Roman Jakobson proposed 3 types of translation (int., interl., intersem)
- Equivalence in meaning is difficult because languages encode experience in different ways.
- Jakobson’s linguistic universalism vs. linguistic relativity: shared vs. different ways of thinking
Chapter 4: Studying Translation Product and Process
- Vinay and Darbelnet developed a comparative analysis of English and French, identifying 2 main strategies (direct and oblique) and associated procedures (borrowing, calque, literal, etc.)
- Catford viewed translation as a shift of structure and function based on linguistic factors in the ST-TT pairs rather than a search for equivalent effect.
Chapter 5: Functional Theories of Translation
- Katharina Reiss developed text types with specific functions and associated translation strategies.
- She distinguished informative, expressive, and operative texts as the basis for determining translation purpose and effect.
- Hybrid types are possible blends between the different functionalities
Chapter 6: Discourse and Register Analysis Approaches
- Hallidayan model—influenced by systemic functional linguistics—examines the relationship between language, social contexts, and cultural frameworks to understand how discourse functions.
- Analyzes register (field, tenor, and mode) as a social context of communication.
Chapter 7: Systems Theories
- Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory considers how translation functions within the literary system.
- The position of translations within that system determines translation methods.
- Translation can be primary (influencing other works) or secondary (following established norms).
Chapter 8: Cultural and Ideological Turns
- Lefevere—drawing on the manipulation school—explores translation as a cultural activity where factors like ideology and poetics shape how texts are translated.
- Translation practices are affected by power relations between specific groups.
- Postcolonialism—influenced by theorists like Spivak—highlights the imbalance of power in translation, particularly concerning representation of former colonies.
Chapter 9: The Role of the Translator—Cultural and Political Agenda
- Venuti stresses the power dynamics in the translation industry, including the roles of translators, publishers, and reviewers.
- Examination of the various roles in translation and their influence on the cultural representation of translated text.
Chapter 10: Philosophical Approaches to Translation
- Steiner's hermeneutical approach investigates meaning and understanding in translation as a process of transferring meaning between languages.
- Deconstructionist approaches (as from Derrida) challenge the notion of a stable meaning in translation.
Chapter 11: New Directions from the New Media
- Audiovisual translation (AVT) and the technological advancements influence the way translation and translation studies are approached
- The introduction of new media and technologies has changed the ways translators work
Chapter 12: Research and Commentary Process
- Translation studies focus on commentary on translation strategies and the various factors that influence the work.
- Research in translation studies investigates the intersection of theory and practice in universities
- Key aspects like textual, cognitive, sociological, and cultural factors need careful examination.
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Description
Explore fundamental issues and concepts in translation studies through this quiz on Chapters 1 and 2. Dive into key differences between translation and interpretation, various translation methods, and the historical context that shaped translation theory. Test your knowledge of influential figures and their contributions to translation practices.
