Translation Initiation Process Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in translation initiation?

  • It binds to release factors during termination.
  • It enhances the dissociation of the large and small ribosomal subunits.
  • It forms a complex with GTP during elongation.
  • It pairs with their complementary nucleotides in the 16S rRNA. (correct)

    • What is the function of initiation factor 3 (IF-3) during translation initiation?

  • Binds to the small subunit and prevents binding of the large subunit. (correct)
  • Forms a complex with initiator tRNA.
  • Facilitates translocation of the ribosome.
  • Enhances the dissociation of the large and small ribosomal subunits.

    • In eukaryotic cells, what plays a critical role in the initiation of protein synthesis?

  • The cap at the 3' end of mRNA.
  • The Shine-Dalgarno sequence on mRNA.
  • The cap at the 5' end of mRNA. (correct)
  • The presence of initiator tRNA.

    • During elongation, what is the role of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu)?

    <p>Facilitates delivery of a charged tRNA to the A site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers termination of protein synthesis?

    <p>Encounter of a termination codon by the ribosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor prevents the large subunit of the ribosome from binding during translation initiation?

    <p>Initiation factor 2 (IF-2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the maturation of mRNA in eukaryotes?

    <p>Capping the 5'-end with a guanosine triphosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Poly(A) tail in eukaryotic mRNA?

    <p>Recognition of the 3' end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for adding a guanosine triphosphate to the 5'-end of mRNA?

    <p>Capping enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sequence is recognized by a specific endonuclease for cutting the growing RNA molecule in eukaryotic mRNA?

    <p>AAUAAA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after recognition and cutting of the growing RNA molecule at AAUAAA sequence?

    <p>Poly(A) tail is added</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What modification occurs to the guanine of the cap on eukaryotic mRNA?

    <p>Methylation at the 7 position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of having multiple isoaccepting tRNAs in cells?

    <p>It prevents the binding of incorrect amino acids to tRNAs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypothesis explains the ability of some non-standard base pairings at the third position of a codon?

    <p>Wobble hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in protein synthesis?

    <p>They mediate the specific attachment of amino acids to tRNAs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does a ribosome attach during translation on an mRNA molecule?

    <p>At the 5' UTR region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the energy required for the attachment of tRNA to its appropriate amino acid?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a tRNA molecule is responsible for attaching to its corresponding amino acid?

    <p>'CCA' sequence at the 3' end</p> Signup and view all the answers

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