Translation Initiation Process Quiz

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What is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in translation initiation?

It binds to release factors during termination.

It enhances the dissociation of the large and small ribosomal subunits.

It forms a complex with GTP during elongation.

It pairs with their complementary nucleotides in the 16S rRNA. (correct)

What is the function of initiation factor 3 (IF-3) during translation initiation?

Binds to the small subunit and prevents binding of the large subunit. (correct)

Forms a complex with initiator tRNA.

Facilitates translocation of the ribosome.

Enhances the dissociation of the large and small ribosomal subunits.

In eukaryotic cells, what plays a critical role in the initiation of protein synthesis?

The cap at the 3' end of mRNA.

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence on mRNA.

The cap at the 5' end of mRNA. (correct)

The presence of initiator tRNA.

During elongation, what is the role of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu)?

Facilitates delivery of a charged tRNA to the A site. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers termination of protein synthesis?

Encounter of a termination codon by the ribosome. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor prevents the large subunit of the ribosome from binding during translation initiation?

Initiation factor 2 (IF-2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the maturation of mRNA in eukaryotes?

Capping the 5'-end with a guanosine triphosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Poly(A) tail in eukaryotic mRNA?

Recognition of the 3' end Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for adding a guanosine triphosphate to the 5'-end of mRNA?

Capping enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What sequence is recognized by a specific endonuclease for cutting the growing RNA molecule in eukaryotic mRNA?

AAUAAA Signup and view all the answers

What happens after recognition and cutting of the growing RNA molecule at AAUAAA sequence?

Poly(A) tail is added Signup and view all the answers

What modification occurs to the guanine of the cap on eukaryotic mRNA?

Methylation at the 7 position Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having multiple isoaccepting tRNAs in cells?

It prevents the binding of incorrect amino acids to tRNAs. Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis explains the ability of some non-standard base pairings at the third position of a codon?

Wobble hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in protein synthesis?

They mediate the specific attachment of amino acids to tRNAs. Signup and view all the answers

Where does a ribosome attach during translation on an mRNA molecule?

At the 5' UTR region Signup and view all the answers

What provides the energy required for the attachment of tRNA to its appropriate amino acid?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a tRNA molecule is responsible for attaching to its corresponding amino acid?

'CCA' sequence at the 3' end Signup and view all the answers