Translation in Technology

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a Translation Memory in a TENT?

To extract terminology from various sources.

To analyze the quality of translations.

To generate new translations from scratch.

To store previous translations for future reference. (correct)

What defines a 100% match in fuzzy match types?

The translation segment is mostly identical to a previous segment.

The translation segment is completely identical to a previous segment. (correct)

The translation segment only matches in subsegments.

The translation segment has no similarity to previous segments.

Which tool is specifically mentioned as a paid resource for term extraction in Trados?

Term Extraction Tool (correct)

Apsic Xbenc

WebCorp

AlchemyAPI

What is the primary benefit of using terminology management tools in a TENT?

To ensure consistency in translations across projects. Signup and view all the answers

A fuzzy match rate of 70% or more is considered to be what?

Good and worth considering. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of instrumental translation?

It is an independent message for communicative action. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a non-linguistic determinant in translation?

Lexical equivalence Signup and view all the answers

According to translation-oriented text analysis, what does documentary translation allow the target text recipient to access?

The ideas of the source text. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a criticism regarding the classification of language functions?

There are too few classifications. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'semantic equivalence' refer to in translation?

The preservation of meaning between languages. Signup and view all the answers

What influences the specifics of food consumption among individuals?

Cultural norms and practices Signup and view all the answers

In what way can culture alter the experience of pain?

Through internalized beliefs and norms Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of culture apply to different social groups?

Culture varies based on multiple factors, including gender and social class. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of symbolic transmission of culture?

Observing adult reactions to infants Signup and view all the answers

What role does generational difference play in cultural learning?

They influence the values and norms passed from one generation to another. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between eating habits and culture?

Eating habits are influenced but not entirely controlled by culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary factor that can differentiate cultural responses to stimuli among infants?

Geographic location and exposure Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is specifically designed to manage terminology in translation processes?

Acrolinx Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a TENT is used to ensure translation quality by checking various elements?

Quality Check Module Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a concordance in translation?

To display examples of terms in context Signup and view all the answers

What must you obtain to use Google Translate within Trados Software?

API Key Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following TMS is known for providing cloud services for terminology work?

Taas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a TENT?

Machine Translation Module Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in using Machine Translation for better output?

Pre-editing the source text Signup and view all the answers

In the context of translation, what does the Alignment Tool allow you to do?

Align previous translations with new text segments Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Translation and Translation Profession

This course covers basic definitions, concepts, and working modes of translation and interpreting professions.
It distinguishes between translation and interpreting.
It explains the meaning of source text (ST) and target text (TT).
It provides different meanings for the term "translation".

Basic Concepts

Translation vs. Interpreting: Translation is converting written text from one language to another, while interpreting orally converts spoken language.
Source Text (ST) and Target Text (TT): The original text and the translated text, respectively.

Translation

"Translation" means "carrying across" or "bringing across".
There are several meanings of the term "translation."
The general subject field or phenomenon; e.g., "I studied translation at university".
The product, the translated text as a tangible output. For example, “they published the Arabic translation of the report”.
The process of producing the translation or “translation service"

Process of Translation

Changing of an original written text (Source text or ST) from the original verbal language (source language or SL) into a written text (target text or TT) in a different verbal language (target language or TL).
Source text (ST) in source language (SL): original text
Target text (TT) in target language (TL): translated text

Roman Jakobson (1896-1982)

Introduced types of translation:
- Intralingual (rewording): Interpretation of verbal signs by other signs within the same language.
- Interlingual (translation proper): Interpretation of verbal signs in terms of some other language.
- Intersemiotic (transmutation): Interpretation of verbal signs in terms of signs of a different non-verbal sign system.
Provided examples for each type such as;
- Gist translation
- Children's version of an encyclopedia (modernization)
- Turkish to English translation - Novels to movies

One Alice, Many Translations

The presentation features different translations of "Alice in Wonderland"

Interpreting

Translating orally or into sign language.
Giving or providing the meaning of something.
Used in understanding and construing something in a particular way.
Includes several types of interpreting.
Examples: dream interpreting, interpreting signs into future events
Additional areas: findings of study reports

Translation vs. Interpretation

Translation: past, finished product, static, can be reexamined, all verbal.
Interpretation: present, dynamic, rapid fading, verbal is enriched with gestures and other body language.
Author/reader are separated in translation, shared experience in interpretation.

Interpretation Types Based on Mode

Consecutive Interpreting: Interpreter listens while taking notes, delivers the speech in the target language after the speaker finishes.
- Liaison Interpreting: Two or more people with different languages, interpreter is the connection.
- Bilateral Interpreting: Interpreter stands between people with different languages where note-taking is usually not needed, and constant switching between languages is necessary.
- Elbow Interpreting (escort interpreting): Interpreter is there to translate and ensure everyone understands. Happens in factories, hospitals, and during travel.
- Telephone Interpreting: Bilaterally interpreting over the phone.
- Video-conference Interpreting: Consecutive or simultaneous.
- Whispered Interpreting: Used for situations where one or two people don't understand the source language (low voice, not whispering).
Simultaneous Interpreting: Interpreter speaks the target language while the source language is being spoken.
Inside the Booth: special equipment, 2 interpreters.
- Outside the Booth: for technical malfunctions.

Interpretation Types Based on Subject

Community Interpreting: Based on the need of community-based situations (e.g., immigration, school-parent meetings).
Court Interpreting: A court setting with special considerations.
Disaster and Relief Interpreting: The coordination of foreign search and rescue teams.
Sport Interpreting: In a sports context.
Healthcare Interpreting: For patients, including field hospitals, accident areas, immigrant camps, and emergency service. -Conflict Zone Interpreting: In conflict zones.

Sight Translation

Oral translation of written documents.
Notaries, agreements, deeds
Courts, diaries, written court decisions
Hospitals, reports, consent forms
Meetings, annual reports

Conference Interpreting

Interpreting in conferences, meetings, etc.
Types: includes academic, medical, engineering conferences, and international meetings.
Relay Interpreting: Using an intermediary language as a source.

Sign Language Interpreting

Interpreting for deaf and hearing-impaired people.
Sign language interpreters are crucial for communication.
Sign language interpreters must be clearly visible to their audience.

Text and Text Types

A coherent stretch of language.
Original words of something written, printed or spoken as compared to a summary or paraphrase.
Examples:
Informative: (e.g. reports, manuals, directions.)
Expressive: (e.g. literature, poetry, creative writing)
Operative: (e.g. advertising, instructions, marketing material)

Katharina Reiss – Text Types (1977)

Three functions of language (by Bühler):
- Informative (representing objects and facts)
- Expressive (expressing the sender's attitude)
- Appellative (making an appeal to the text receiver)
Different types of text and their translation approaches:
- Informative: Plain prose, transmit referential content.
- Expressive: Preserve aesthetic form; identifying method
- Operative: Adaptive method, create equivalent effect.

Audio-medial

Films and visual and spoken advertisements use supplemental methods.
Visual images, music, and sound can help enhance messages.
Audio-medial tools help with the interpretation of messages and information.

Two Basic Types of Translation Product

Documentary Translation: Serves as a document of a source culture's communication between an author and the source culture receiver.
Examples: Literary translation: preserving the author's local color.
Instrumental Translation: Serves as an autonomous message, meant for a new communicative act in the target culture.
Examples: Translation for advertisements and marketing materials where the message is intended to generate a response in the target audience.

A Model of ST Analysis

Importance and role of translation commission
Role and analysis of source text (incl. intra-textual factors)

Intratextual Factors

Subject matter: How culture-bound is the topic?
Content: Meaning, connotations and cohesion in a particular text.
Presupposition: Understanding background knowledge needed to properly contextualize.
Text Composition: Micro and macro structure of the text, including stages, plot, relations, footnotes and quotations.
Non-Verbal Elements: Illustrations, font, italics, and other visual elements.
Lexis: Dialect, register, and subject-specific words.
Sentence Structure: Rhetorical features such as parenthesis and ellipsis.
Suprasegmental Features: Stress, intonation, rhythm and punctuation, stylistic choices.

Functional Hierarchy of Translation Problems

Comparison of ST and TT's intended functions to dictate translation approach (documentary or instrumental).
Analysis of translation brief to determine functional elements and strategies for target addressees.
Determining the translation style based on the type of translation.
Analyzing ST features to tackle translation problems in the lower linguistic levels.

Case Study

Usborne Cookery School’s Cooking for Beginners: An illustrated book of varied recipes to help British children.
The resulting translation had to maintain illustrations.

The ST-TT Profiles in the Translation Commission

Identifying the intended functions, addressees, time, place, medium and motive of the text.

ST Analysis

Feasibility of translation
Relevant ST items
Necessary translation strategy

Videos

List of YouTube video links

Interpreting Types

Categorizations Based on mode (Consecutive, Simultaneous, Sight, Conference, Sign Language interpreting)
Categorizations Based on subject(Community, Court, Disaster & relief, Sport, Healthcare, and Conflict Zones interpreting)
Types and subtypes of translation, interpretation and other related topics are described with examples and details.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts in translation technology, particularly focusing on tools like Translation Memory and terminology management. It assesses your understanding of fuzzy match types, instrumental translation, and semantic equivalence within translation contexts. Ideal for those studying translation theories and practices.