Transition Metals and Their Complexes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the complex formation tendency as the positive oxidation state of the metal ion increases?

  • It decreases.
  • It becomes unpredictable.
  • It remains constant.
  • It increases. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a common structure found in complexes of first transition series elements?

  • Linear
  • Square planar
  • Tetrahedral
  • Cubic (correct)

Which orbitals are primarily involved in the bonding of metal complexes?

  • d, f and g type
  • s, p and d type (correct)
  • s, p and f type
  • p, d and h type

What type of magnetism is commonly observed in transition metal compounds?

<p>Paramagnetism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the magnetic properties of substances according to the content provided?

<p>Spin motion and orbital motion of electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when two electrons in the same orbital have opposite spins?

<p>Their magnetic moments cancel each other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of substances will exhibit paramagnetism?

<p>Substances with unpaired electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the total magnetic moment of a compound determined?

<p>By the sum of the moments of all electrons present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the M: H ratio in the compound PdH?

<p>1:0.6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which crystal lattice structure is NOT mentioned for the second transition series elements?

<p>Simple cubic (sc) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property do the alloys formed by second transition series materials typically exhibit?

<p>Higher corrosion resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element in the second transition series is known to have the next highest atomic radius after Y?

<p>Cd (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend is observed in the atomic radii of second transition series from Y to Rh?

<p>They decrease and then increase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a general characteristic of the second transition series elements?

<p>They are all metals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding second transition series alloys is incorrect?

<p>They form easily compared to first transition series. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The increased screening effect of 4d electrons has what impact on atomic radii?

<p>Decreases atomic radii after a certain point (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the high melting and boiling points of the d-block elements?

<p>They have the maximum number of unpaired d-electrons for bonding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the ionization energies of d-block elements compare to s- and p-block elements?

<p>Between those of s- and p-block elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds do d-block elements predominantly form?

<p>Covalent compounds primarily. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general trend of the standard reduction potential values for transition elements?

<p>They are negative and lower than the standard hydrogen electrode. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is the last in the first transition series?

<p>Zinc (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element starts the first transition series?

<p>Scandium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of d-block metal ions affects their tendency to react?

<p>Their high heats of vaporisation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are transition metals considered poor reducing agents?

<p>They have high heats of vaporization and ionization energies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following oxidation states is the highest for the 3d-series elements?

<p>+7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

[TcO4]- is known to be which type of oxidizing agent?

<p>Very weak oxidizing agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the ionic radii comparison between 3d-series and 4d-series elements?

<p>Ionic radii of 3d-series elements are smaller. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element has a stable +8 oxidation state?

<p>RuO4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The magnetic behaviour of which series is more complex due to the predominance of orbital contribution?

<p>4d-series (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the different magnetic behaviour between 3d and 4d elements?

<p>Spread of 4d-orbitals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the complexes formed by heavier elements of the 4d-series?

<p>Low-spin or inner orbital complexes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions has the smallest ionic radius?

<p>Cr4+ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the geometry of the octahedral coordination number for molybdenum in the +6 oxidation state?

<p>Octahedral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds represents molybdenum in the -2 oxidation state?

<p>[Mo(CO)5]2- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxidation state and coordination number of technetium in the compound [TcF6]?

<p>+6, 6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which oxidation state does molybdenum exhibit a capped trigonal prismatic geometry?

<p>+2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geometry is associated with technetium in the +5 oxidation state?

<p>Square pyramidal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the coordination number for molybdenum in the +3 oxidation state?

<p>6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound corresponds to molybdenum in the +4 oxidation state?

<p>[Mo(NCS)6]2- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What oxidation state does technetium have in the compound [Tc2(CO)10]?

<p>0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is responsible for the colors of ions and complexes of the second transition series elements?

<p>Charge transfer processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are the electronic spectra of the compounds of the second and third transition series less important?

<p>d-d and charge transfer bands cannot be separated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metals have the highest oxidizing power among the following?

<p>Ru4+ (A), Rh4+ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of charge transfer transitions compared to d-d transitions?

<p>Charge transfer transitions are Laporte and spin allowed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transition type involves electron transfer between similar atoms?

<p>Metal to metal transition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 4d series oxo ions, what is the decreasing order of energy for ligand to metal charge transfer?

<p>NbO43- &gt; MoO42- &gt; TcO4- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the energy of charge transfer for 5d-series similar ions is true?

<p>It increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the intensity of color in a complex?

<p>Charge transfer transitions in the visible range (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Melting/Boiling points of d-block elements

The melting and boiling points are highest in the middle of the d-block series.

Ionization Energy of d-block elements

Ionization energies of d-block elements are moderately high.

Reactivity of d-block elements

d-block elements are less reactive than s-block elements but more reactive than p-block elements.

d-block compounds formation

d-block elements primarily form covalent compounds.

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d-block heats of sublimation

d-block elements have high heats of sublimation.

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d-block metal ions hydration

d-block metal ions have a low tendency to get hydrated.

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d-block standard reduction potential

Standard reduction potentials of transition elements are generally lower (more negative) than hydrogen.

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First Transition Series elements

The first transition series (3d-series) includes elements from Sc to Zn.

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What is the cause of paramagnetism?

Paramagnetism arises from the presence of unpaired electrons in atoms, ions, or molecules. These unpaired electrons create a magnetic moment that aligns with an external magnetic field, leading to attraction.

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Spin Magnetic Moment

The spin magnetic moment is generated by the spinning of an electron on its axis. This spinning motion creates a magnetic field, similar to a tiny bar magnet.

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Orbital Magnetic Moment

The orbital magnetic moment is generated by the movement of an electron around the nucleus. This motion creates a magnetic field due to the electron's charge.

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How do paired electrons affect magnetism?

When two electrons with opposite spins are paired in the same orbital, their magnetic moments cancel each other out. This results in zero net magnetic moment, leading to diamagnetism, where the substance is weakly repelled by a magnetic field.

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Why are transition metal compounds often paramagnetic?

Transition metal compounds often contain unpaired electrons in their d orbitals. These unpaired electrons result in a net magnetic moment, making the compound paramagnetic and attracted to a magnetic field.

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Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism occurs in substances with all paired electrons. These substances have no net magnetic moment and are weakly repelled by a magnetic field.

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What is the relationship between magnetic moment and unpaired electrons?

The number of unpaired electrons in a substance directly influences its magnetic moment. More unpaired electrons lead to a stronger magnetic moment and greater paramagnetism.

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What are some examples of magnetism in transition metals?

Many transition metals exhibit different types of magnetism, such as ferromagnetism (strong attraction to magnets, like iron), paramagnetism (weak attraction to magnets), and diamagnetism (weak repulsion from magnets).

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Charge Transfer (C.T.) Transitions

Electronic transitions within a complex or compound where electrons move between metal and ligand orbitals.

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Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT)

An electronic transition where an electron moves from a ligand orbital to a metal orbital.

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Transition Metal Stability

The stability of transition metal compounds can vary depending on the series and oxidation state. For example, [MnO4]- is unstable, while [TcO4]- is stable. Similarly, FeO4, CrCl6, and NiF6 are not known, but RuO4 and MoCl6 are stable.

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Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer (MLCT)

An electronic transition where an electron moves from a metal orbital to a ligand orbital.

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Highest Oxidation State

The highest oxidation state for 3d-series elements is +7 (in MnO4-), but for 4d-series elements it is +8 (in RuO4).

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Ionic Radii Trend

Ionic radii of 3d-series elements are smaller than those of 4d-series elements (r3d ions < r4d ions).

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Intervalence Charge Transfer (IT)

A charge transfer process where electrons move between different metal centers in a complex.

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Magnetic Behavior of 3d Elements

Magnetic properties of 3d-series elements are easily interpreted using the spin-only formula, which predicts the number of unpaired electrons.

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Intra-Ligand Charge Transfer (ILCT)

A charge transfer process within a ligand, not involving the metal center.

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Magnetic Behavior of 4d Elements

Magnetic behavior of 4d-series elements is more complex due to significant orbital contributions to the magnetic moment. This is because 4d-orbitals are more spread out, leading to weaker interelectronic repulsions.

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C.T. Band Energy

The energy required to excite an electron during a charge transfer transition, corresponding to the wavelength of light absorbed.

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Oxidising Power and C.T. Bands

Stronger oxidising power of the metal ion and stronger reducing power of the ligand result in lower energy C.T. bands.

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Crystal Field Splitting Energy

Ligands produce a larger crystal field splitting energy in 4d-orbitals than in 3d-orbitals.

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Low-Spin vs. High-Spin Complexes

Heavier elements of 4d-series tend to form low-spin or inner orbital complexes, whereas 3d-series elements often form high-spin (outer orbital) complexes.

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C.T. vs. d-d Transitions

Charge transfer transitions are Laporte and spin-allowed, unlike d-d transitions; they involve transitions between different atoms, resulting in stronger absorptions.

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Why are 4d elements more stable?

Elements in the 4d series are more stable because their electrons are more spread out, leading to less repulsion between them. This also contributes to the larger crystal field splitting energy, which affects the stability of their complexes.

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Oxidation State of Molybdenum

Indicates the number of electrons an atom has gained or lost compared to its neutral state. For molybdenum, it ranges from -2 to +6.

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Coordination Number

Represents the number of ligands or atoms directly bonded to the central molybdenum atom. It can vary from 4 to 9.

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Geometry

The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms or ligands around the central molybdenum atom.

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Trigonal Bipyramidal Geometry

A molecular shape with five ligands arranged around the central atom, forming a trigonal bipyramid with a central atom and five vertices.

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Octahedral Geometry

A symmetrical molecular shape with six ligands bonded to the central atom, forming an octahedron with eight vertices.

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Dodecahedral Geometry

A complex geometry with 12 vertices and 12 faces, often found in coordination compounds with 8 ligands.

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Cluster Compound

A type of molecule where multiple metal atoms are directly bonded to each other, forming a cluster.

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Stereochemistry of Technetium

Refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in technetium compounds, with limited examples and often octahedral or tetrahedral geometries.

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Non-stoichiometry

A compound whose chemical formula doesn't perfectly reflect the whole number ratio of its constituent elements. This occurs when there are deviations from the expected ratio of atoms in the compound.

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What is the M:H ratio in PdH?

The M:H ratio (metal to hydrogen) in PdH is 1:0.6. This means there are slightly less than 1 hydrogen atom per palladium atom.

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What is the M:H ratio in ZrH2?

The M:H ratio in ZrH2 is 1:1.98. It's slightly less than the expected 2:1 ratio, meaning there are almost, but not exactly, two hydrogen atoms per zirconium atom.

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Metallic Character

The tendency of an element to exhibit metallic properties such as luster, malleability, ductility, and good conductivity of heat and electricity.

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Alloy Formation

The process of mixing two or more metals to form a new material with unique properties.

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Second Transition Series

The group of elements in the periodic table that includes Y (yttrium) to Cd (cadmium) and fill the 4d orbitals.

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Alloy Properties

Alloys formed from elements in the second transition series are often harder, have higher melting points, and are resistant to corrosion compared to their parent metals.

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Periodic Properties

The trends in properties of elements as you move across a period or down a group in the periodic table. These properties include atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and more.

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Study Notes

Inorganic Chemistry-II

  • This course covers inorganic chemistry, specifically focusing on the chemistry of the elements in the third transition series (5d series), lanthanides (4f series), and actinides (5f series).
  • The course also covers coordination compounds, oxidation and reduction reactions.
  • It includes the study of properties of metallic elements, like their oxidation states and their variability, complex formation, magnetic behavior, and related periodic properties.

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BSCCH-201 Inorganic Chemistry II PDF 2021

Description

Test your knowledge on the properties, structures, and magnetism of transition metals and their complexes. Explore questions related to oxidation states, magnetic properties, and crystalline structures of first and second transition series elements. This quiz is perfect for chemistry students and enthusiasts looking to deepen their understanding of transition metal chemistry.

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