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Questions and Answers
During transcription, what is the primary role of the template strand?
During transcription, what is the primary role of the template strand?
- To signal the start of a gene for transcription.
- To add a guanine with methyl group to the 5' end of transcript.
- To serve as the strand from which RNA polymerase builds mRNA. (correct)
- To stop RNA polymerase from transcription.
Which of the following best describes the function of the promoter during transcription?
Which of the following best describes the function of the promoter during transcription?
- It binds to the mRNA and tells amino acid sequence.
- It is the strand on which RNA polymerase builds mRNA.
- It terminates the process of transcription by signaling RNA polymerase to detach.
- It signals the start of a gene, initiating the transcription process. (correct)
What is the main function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
What is the main function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
- To remove introns and link exons in the mRNA transcript.
- To add a poly-adenine tail to the 3' end of the mRNA transcript.
- To bind to the promoter, unwind the DNA helix, and build mRNA. (correct)
- To signal the end of transcription.
What is the role of the terminator sequence in transcription?
What is the role of the terminator sequence in transcription?
Which of the following modifications must occur to mRNA in a eukaryotic cell before it can be translated?
Which of the following modifications must occur to mRNA in a eukaryotic cell before it can be translated?
What is the function of mRNA in translation?
What is the function of mRNA in translation?
What role does tRNA play during translation?
What role does tRNA play during translation?
Which of the following describes the function of ribosomes in translation?
Which of the following describes the function of ribosomes in translation?
What is the start codon's function in translation?
What is the start codon's function in translation?
What is the function of the stop codon in translation?
What is the function of the stop codon in translation?
Which of the following is a key difference in mRNA processing between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a key difference in mRNA processing between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
How does the addition of a poly-adenine tail to mRNA in eukaryotic cells affect its function?
How does the addition of a poly-adenine tail to mRNA in eukaryotic cells affect its function?
What would be the most likely effect of a mutation in the promoter region of a gene?
What would be the most likely effect of a mutation in the promoter region of a gene?
How do ribosomes identify the correct start codon on the mRNA to initiate translation?
How do ribosomes identify the correct start codon on the mRNA to initiate translation?
A mutation occurs in a gene such that the stop codon is eliminated. What is the most likely consequence of this mutation?
A mutation occurs in a gene such that the stop codon is eliminated. What is the most likely consequence of this mutation?
Which of the following is a direct product of transcription?
Which of the following is a direct product of transcription?
What property of the genetic code allows a single tRNA to recognize multiple codons?
What property of the genetic code allows a single tRNA to recognize multiple codons?
What is the significance of dehydration synthesis in translation?
What is the significance of dehydration synthesis in translation?
In what cellular component does translation primarily take place?
In what cellular component does translation primarily take place?
If a cell lacks the enzyme that adds the methyl group to guanine during mRNA processing, what is the most likely consequence?
If a cell lacks the enzyme that adds the methyl group to guanine during mRNA processing, what is the most likely consequence?
Flashcards
Template strand
Template strand
Strand where RNA polymerase begins building mRNA.
Promoter
Promoter
Signals the start of gene transcription.
RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Binds to the promoter and builds mRNA.
Terminator
Terminator
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mRNA Modification 1
mRNA Modification 1
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mRNA Modification 2
mRNA Modification 2
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mRNA Modification 3
mRNA Modification 3
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mRNA function
mRNA function
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tRNA function
tRNA function
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Ribosomes function
Ribosomes function
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Start codon function
Start codon function
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Stop codon function
Stop codon function
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Study Notes
- Transcription involves several key components each with a specific function
Template Strand
- It is the strand that the RNA polymerase uses as a template to create mRNA
- RNA polymerase starts making mRNA on it
Promoter
- Signals the start of a gene for transcription
RNA Polymerase
- It binds to the promoter, unwinding the helix
- Builds mRNA accordingly
Terminator
- It's a part of promoter DNA
- Signals RNA polymerase to stop transcription
mRNA Processing in Eukaryotes
- The mRNA needs to undergo several modifications before it can be translated in eukaryotic cells
- A guanine with a methyl group is added to the 5' end of the transcript
- A poly-adenine tail is added to the 3' end
- Introns are removed to link exons
mRNA
- Binds to the small ribosomal subunit and tells amino acid sequence
tRNA
- Binds to mRNA at the start codon
- Holds the growing peptide chain
- Brings amino acids back to the ribosome
Ribosomes
- Reads the RNA code
- Links appropriate amino acids together through dehydration synthesis
Start Codon
- Signals the start of translation
Stop Codon
- Signals to end translation
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