Transcription and Translation Processes in Cells
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme transcribes the 5S rRNA gene?

  • RNA polymerase I
  • RNA polymerase IV
  • RNA polymerase II
  • RNA polymerase III (correct)

    • Where are the 5S rRNA genes located?

  • Outside the nucleolus (correct)
  • In small clusters scattered around the genome
  • Within the coding region of the gene
  • Inside the nucleolus

    • Which enzyme transcribes tRNA genes?

  • RNA polymerase I
  • RNA polymerase IV
  • RNA polymerase III (correct)
  • RNA polymerase II

    • Where are tRNA genes located?

    <p>In small clusters scattered around the genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RNA polymerase transcribes the 5S rRNA gene and tRNA genes?

    <p>RNA polymerase III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the promoter sequences of tRNA genes located?

    <p>Within the coding region of the gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During processing, what happens to the tRNA precursor?

    <p>It is trimmed and numerous bases must be modified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme transcribes the 5S rRNA gene and tRNA genes?

    <p>RNA polymerase III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the 5S rRNA genes and tRNA genes located?

    <p>In small clusters scattered around the genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of RNA polymerase transcribes the 5S rRNA gene?

    <p>RNA polymerase III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme incorporates nucleotides into a strand of RNA from a DNA template?

    <p>RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transcription factors in transcription?

    <p>To recognize the promoter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does the newly synthesized RNA chain grow during transcription?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the forward reaction during RNA polymerization?

    <p>Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the DNA-RNA hybrid once polymerase has finished adding nucleotides?

    <p>It dissociates and the DNA double helix reforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of RNA polymerases are there in eukaryotes?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transcription factors in transcription?

    <p>To regulate the activity of RNA polymerases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary transcript (or pre-RNA)?

    <p>The initial RNA molecule synthesized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes produced in nondividing cells?

    <p>Nucleoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assists in the processing of pre-rRNA?

    <p>snoRNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between genes and proteins?

    <p>Genes store information for producing all cellular proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who formulated the 'one gene–one enzyme' hypothesis?

    <p>Beadle and Tatum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does transcription refer to?

    <p>The process by which RNA is formed from a DNA template.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in a cell?

    <p>To recognize other molecules and provide structural support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the modified version of the 'one gene–one enzyme' hypothesis?

    <p>One gene–one polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?

    <p>To translate information in the mRNA code into amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three classes of RNA in a cell?

    <p>mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>DNA-dependent RNA polymerases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm from an mRNA template called?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Garrod study in relation to the relationship between genes and proteins?

    <p>The relationship between a specific gene, a specific enzyme, and a metabolic condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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