30 Questions
Which enzyme transcribes the 5S rRNA gene?
RNA polymerase III
Where are the 5S rRNA genes located?
Outside the nucleolus
Which enzyme transcribes tRNA genes?
RNA polymerase III
Where are tRNA genes located?
In small clusters scattered around the genome
Which RNA polymerase transcribes the 5S rRNA gene and tRNA genes?
RNA polymerase III
Where are the promoter sequences of tRNA genes located?
Within the coding region of the gene
During processing, what happens to the tRNA precursor?
It is trimmed and numerous bases must be modified
Which enzyme transcribes the 5S rRNA gene and tRNA genes?
RNA polymerase III
Where are the 5S rRNA genes and tRNA genes located?
In small clusters scattered around the genome
What type of RNA polymerase transcribes the 5S rRNA gene?
RNA polymerase III
Which enzyme incorporates nucleotides into a strand of RNA from a DNA template?
RNA polymerase
What is the function of transcription factors in transcription?
To recognize the promoter
In which direction does the newly synthesized RNA chain grow during transcription?
5' to 3'
What drives the forward reaction during RNA polymerization?
Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate
What happens to the DNA-RNA hybrid once polymerase has finished adding nucleotides?
It dissociates and the DNA double helix reforms
How many types of RNA polymerases are there in eukaryotes?
Three
What is the role of transcription factors in transcription?
To regulate the activity of RNA polymerases
What is a primary transcript (or pre-RNA)?
The initial RNA molecule synthesized
Where are ribosomes produced in nondividing cells?
Nucleoli
What assists in the processing of pre-rRNA?
snoRNAs
Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between genes and proteins?
Genes store information for producing all cellular proteins.
Who formulated the 'one gene–one enzyme' hypothesis?
Beadle and Tatum
What does transcription refer to?
The process by which RNA is formed from a DNA template.
What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in a cell?
To recognize other molecules and provide structural support.
What is the modified version of the 'one gene–one enzyme' hypothesis?
One gene–one polypeptide chain
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
To translate information in the mRNA code into amino acids.
What are the three classes of RNA in a cell?
mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
What is responsible for transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
DNA-dependent RNA polymerases
What is the process by which proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm from an mRNA template called?
Translation
What did Garrod study in relation to the relationship between genes and proteins?
The relationship between a specific gene, a specific enzyme, and a metabolic condition.
Test your knowledge on the process of transcription and translation in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Learn about the enzymes involved in incorporating nucleotides into RNA, the role of promoters, and the need for transcription factors. Explore chain elongation during transcription in this informative quiz.
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