Transcription and Translation

What is the final product of information flow, according to the central dogma?

In prokaryotes, transcription requires the binding of general transcription factors to initiate the process.

What type of RNA makes up the structural and catalytic core of ribosomes?

DNA-encoded information is first ________ into an RNA intermediary by RNA polymerase.

Match the RNA polymerase with the genes they transcribe in eukaryotes:

Which of the following modifications marks RNA as an mRNA-to-be?

All RNA molecules code for proteins.

What is the name of the complex that carries out RNA splicing?

Which of the following best describes the role of a poly-A tail in mRNA processing?

Eukaryotes possess three distinct RNA ______, each responsible for synthesizing different types of RNA molecules.

According to the central dogma, information flows in which direction?

Transcription is the process where RNA is translated into a protein sequence.

What enzyme synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription?

In eukaryotes, transcription initiates at special DNA sequences called ________ .

Match the following RNA types with their primary function:

What is the first modification that occurs to RNA immediately after the 5' end of RNA exits polymerase?

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA polymerase found in eukaryotes?

MRNA molecules are exported from the nucleus to the cytosol, where they can be transcribed into proteins by ribosomes.

If a mutation occurred in the gene encoding snoRNAs, which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Describe the role of the 'poly-A tail' added to eukaryotic mRNA molecules after transcription, and why it is important.

Which of the following accurately describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

In eukaryotes, transcription ends after RNA polymerase encounters a terminator sequence.

What enzyme is responsible for transcribing DNA into an RNA intermediary?

MRNA molecules are exported from the nucleus to the ______, where they are translated into proteins by ribosomes.

What modification occurs to mRNA immediately after the 5' end of RNA exits polymerase?

The splicing process within pre-mRNA processing is considered non-flexible, resulting in only one possible splicing pattern for a given transcript.

What is the name given to the sequences within pre-mRNA that are removed during RNA splicing?

Which of the following accounts for the largest percentage of cellular RNA?

Extension of the RNA chain during transcription requires ______, which use ATP hydrolysis to help RNA polymerase move along the chromatin.

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

In what cellular compartment does transcription occur?

What enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription?

What is the function of the 7-methylguanosine cap added to the 5' end of mRNA?

What is the name given to the non-coding sequences present in pre-mRNA?

What is the name of the complex that removes introns from pre-mRNA?

What is the primary function of the poly-A tail added to the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA?

Eukaryotes have three RNA polymerases; which one transcribes protein-coding genes?

Describe the role of snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs) in pre-mRNA processing. (Insanely difficult)

Imagine a novel therapeutic approach that targets the fidelity of transcription. Given that both transcription and translation are ATP-dependent, but only transcription utilizes elongation factors, propose a strategy to selectively disrupt the fidelity of transcription without directly affecting translation. (Insanely difficult)

According to the central dogma, what is the flow of information?

What is the name of the process by which DNA-encoded information is copied into an RNA intermediary?

After transcription, what must the RNA molecule undergo to become a mature messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Where do mRNA molecules go after being exported from the nucleus, and what happens to them there?

Name one type of RNA molecule that does not code for proteins.

What enzyme synthesizes RNA?

In eukaryotes, what special DNA sequences indicate where transcription should begin?

Name the complex that carries out RNA splicing.

Describe the initial modification that occurs on the 5' end of an RNA molecule immediately after it exits the polymerase.

Eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, II, and III are responsible for transcribing different sets of genes. Which RNA polymerase transcribes protein-coding genes, plus snoRNA, miRNA, siRNA, and most snRNA genes?