Protein Synthesis Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

  • tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome. (correct)
  • tRNA provides the template for protein synthesis.
  • tRNA breaks down the mRNA molecule.
  • tRNA helps in the unwinding of DNA during transcription.

    • During transcription, what happens to the DNA molecule?

  • The DNA molecule is completely broken down.
  • The DNA molecule is replicated, creating two identical copies.
  • Only one strand of DNA is used as a template for mRNA synthesis. (correct)
  • The entire DNA molecule is copied to form mRNA.

    • What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

  • RNA polymerase transports mRNA from the nucleus to the ribosome.
  • RNA polymerase breaks down the mRNA molecule after transcription.
  • RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA molecule and adds nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand. (correct)
  • RNA polymerase joins amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain.

    • What is a codon?

    <p>A sequence of three RNA nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the start codon in translation?

    <p>The start codon marks the beginning of a protein sequence and codes for methionine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>DNA is found in the cytoplasm, while RNA is found in the nucleus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does transcription occur?

    <p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bond that joins amino acids together in a polypeptide chain?

    <p>Peptide bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Protein Synthesis

    The process of creating proteins from DNA instructions through transcription and translation.

    Transcription

    The process of making mRNA from DNA, occurring in the nucleus.

    Translation

    The process of using mRNA to assemble proteins at ribosomes.

    Codon

    A sequence of three mRNA nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.

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    Anticodon

    A sequence of three tRNA nucleotides that pairs with a codon on mRNA.

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    Start Codon

    The specific codon (AUG) that signals the start of translation.

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    Stop Codon

    A codon that signals the end of translation (UAA, UAG, UGA).

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    Peptide Bond

    The bond formed between amino acids during protein synthesis.

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    Study Notes

    Protein Synthesis Overview

    • Protein synthesis is a two-part process: transcription and translation.
    • Transcription takes place in the nucleus.
    • Translation occurs at the ribosomes.
    • The process ensures the correct protein is made from a DNA strand.
    • The process involves contrasting locations and steps of transcription and translation.
    • The process contrasts DNA with RNA and their functions.

    Transcription

    • The process of making mRNA from DNA.
    • It takes place inside the nucleus.
    • Steps:
      • DNA "unzips".
      • RNA polymerase breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs.
      • Free-floating RNA nucleotides attach to one side of the DNA molecule.
      • Covalent bonds form between the sugars and phosphates on the mRNA strand.
      • mRNA is released and the DNA "zips" back up.
      • RNA polymerases (enzymes) guide transcription by reading the DNA code.
    • DNA and RNA bases pair up:
      • A with U
      • T with A
      • C with G
      • G with C

    Translation

    • Using mRNA to make proteins.
    • Occurs at the ribosomes.
    • Steps:
      • mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosome (site of protein synthesis).
      • Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA.
      • tRNA bases (anticodons) pair with mRNA bases (codons).
      • Amino acids join together by peptide bonds to form a protein (polypeptide).
    • Important terms:
      • Codon: 3 mRNA nucleotides (or bases).
      • Anticodon: 3 tRNA nucleotides (or bases).
      • Base pairing: mRNA base | tRNA base
    • ------ | -------- A | U U | A C | G G | C

    RNA

    • There are 3 types: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.
      • mRNA takes the code out to the ribosomes.
      • tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes to make proteins.
    • RNA uses uracil instead of thymine.
    • RNA is single-stranded, and DNA is double-stranded.

    DNA vs. RNA

    • DNA contains thymine, RNA uses uracil instead.
    • DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded.
    • DNA contains deoxyribose sugar RNA contains ribose sugar.
    • DNA stays in the nucleus, RNA travels between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

    Importance of RNA

    • mRNA takes the code out to the ribosomes.
    • tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes to make proteins.
    • Information is transferred from DNA to RNA to proteins, this is called the central dogma of molecular biology.

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    Related Documents

    Protein Synthesis Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential processes of protein synthesis, focusing on transcription and translation. Learn how DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus and how this mRNA is then translated into proteins at the ribosomes. Explore key steps, enzyme roles, and the differences between DNA and RNA.

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